Renewable Energy Directive 2018
| European Union directive | |
 | |
| Title | Renewable Energy Directive |
|---|---|
| Made by | European Parliament and Council |
| Journal reference | L 140, 5 June 2009, pp. 16–62 |
| Other legislation | |
| Replaces | 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC |
| Amends | 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC |
The Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC is a European Union directive which mandates levels of renewable energy use within the European Union.[1] The directive was published on 23 April 2009 and amends and repeals the 2001 Directive on Electricity Production from Renewable Energy Sources 2001/77/EC. The directive requires that 20% of the energy consumed within the European Union is renewable. This target is pooled among the member states.[2]
EU leaders had already reached agreement in March 2007 that, in principle, 20% of the bloc's final energy consumption should be produced from renewable energy sources by 2020 as part of its drive to cut carbon dioxide emissions.[3] This policy later became part of of the EU 2020 Energy Strategy dated 10 November 2010.[4] The key objectives of the strategy are to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 20%, to increase the share of renewable energy to 20%, and to achieve energy savings of 20% or more. The targets are mutually dependent.[5]
The draft report on the directive was published by the European Commission in January 2008. Claude Turmes served as rapporteur on the draft.
Members states were obliged to notify the European Commission by 30 June 2010 of a National Renewable Energy Action Plan which sets out the road map of the trajectory. Member states also have to submit progress reports explaining their implementation of the directive and their progress towards their targets, as is required by article 22 of the directive.
A June 2015 report from the European Commission shows that EU countries are on track to meet the aggregate 20% goal.[6][7]
National targets for renewable energy sources
The overall EU target for renewable energy use is 20% by the year 2020. Targets for renewable energy in each country vary from a minimum of 10% in Malta to 72% of total energy use in Iceland.
| National overall targets | 2005 share | 2020 target |
|---|---|---|
| Austria | 23.3% | 34% |
| Belgium | 2.2% | 13% |
| Bulgaria | 9.4% | 16% |
| Cyprus | 2.9% | 13% |
| Czech Republic | 6.1% | 13% |
| Denmark | 17.0% | 30% |
| Estonia | 18.0% | 25% |
| Finland | 28.5% | 38% |
| France | 10.3% | 23% |
| Germany | 5.8% | 18% |
| Greece | 6.9% | 18% |
| Hungary | 4.3% | 13% |
| Iceland * | 63.4% | 72% |
| Ireland | 3.1% | 16% |
| Italy | 5.2% | 17% |
| Latvia | 32.6% | 40% |
| Lithuania | 15.0% | 23% |
| Luxembourg | 0.9% | 11% |
| Malta | 0.0% | 10% |
| Netherlands | 2.4% | 14% |
| Norway * | 60.1% | 67.5% |
| Poland | 7.2% | 15% |
| Portugal | 20.5% | 31% |
| Romania | 17.8% | 24% |
| Slovak Republic | 6.7% | 14% |
| Slovenia | 16.0% | 25% |
| Spain | 8.7% | 20% |
| Sweden | 39.8% | 49% |
| United Kingdom | 1.3% | 15% |
| * Iceland and Norway have submitted Renewable Energy Action Plans to the EU Commission with 2020 targets and details of their development steps.[8] | ||
See also
- Directive on Electricity Production from Renewable Energy Sources 2001/77/EC – a superseded directive dating from 2001
- European Union directive
- List of European Union directives
- National Renewable Energy Action Plans
References
- ^ Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC (PDF). Brussels, Belgium: European Council. 5 June 2009. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
- ^ "Deal secured on ambitious EU renewables law". EurActiv. 9 December 2008. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
- ^ "EU renewable energy policy". EurActiv. 7 November 2007. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
- ^
Report from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions — Energy 2020: a strategy for competitive, sustainable and secure energy — COM(2010) 639 final. Brussels, Belgium. 10 November 2010. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
{{cite book}}:|website=ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "EU 2020 Energy Strategy". European Commission. Brussels, Belgium. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
- ^ "EU on track to meeting 20% renewable energy target". European Commission. Brussels, Belgium. 16 June 2015. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
- ^
Report from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions — Renewable energy progress report — COM(2015) 293 final. Brussels, Belgium. 15 June 2015. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
{{cite book}}:|website=ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) The URL points to a zip file. - ^ "National action plans". European Commission. Brussels, Belgium. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
Further reading
- Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC (PDF). Brussels, Belgium: European Council. 5 June 2009. Retrieved 19 September 2016.