Phukha language

Phula
Phula
Native to	China, Vietnam
Native speakers	13,246
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Tibeto-Burman Lolo–Burmese Loloish Southeastern Phula; ; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	phh
ELP	Phula
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Phula is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Vietnam and China.^[1]

Phonology

Consonants

Phula has the following consonants.^[2]

		Labial	Coronal		Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Uvular
		Labial	Central	Lateral	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Uvular
Stops	Aspirated	pʰ	tʰ				kʰ
	Voiceless	p	t				k
	Voiced	b	d				ɡ
Affricates	Aspirated		tsʰ	tɬʰ	tʂʰ	tʃʰ
	Voiceless		ts	tɬ	tʂ	tʃ
	Voiced			dɮ
Fricatives	Voiceless	f	s	ɬ	ʂ	ʃ		χ
	Voiced	v	z	ɮ	ʐ	ʒ		ʁ
	Voiced laryngealized	v*	z*			ʒ*
Nasals		m	n				ŋ
Approximants		w		l		j

Vowels

Phula has the following vowels.^[2]

	front	central	back unrounded	back rounded
High	i	ɨ	ɯ	u
Hi-Mid	e	ə		o
Lo-Mid	ɛ		ʌ	ɔ
Low		a

Tones

Phula has five tones:^[2] high (55), mid (33), low (22), low-rising (24), and low-falling (21).

Notes

^ Raymond G. Gordon, Jr, ed. 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 15th edition. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
^ ^a ^b ^c Pelkey 2005.

References

Robert Wayne Fried. 2000. "A Preliminary Phonological Sketch of Phu-kha, a Tibeto-Burman Language Spoken in Northern Vietnam," University of Texas at Arlington MA thesis.

Jamin R. Pelkey. 2005. "Puzzling over Phula: Toward the Synthesis and Statement of a Sub-Branch," Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 28/2:41-78.

[1] Raymond G. Gordon, Jr, ed. 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 15th edition. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.

[Pelkey_2005-2] Pelkey 2005.

[1]

[2]