Phukha language
| Phula | |
|---|---|
| Native to | China, Vietnam |
Native speakers | 13,246 |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | phh |
| ELP | Phula |
Phula is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Vietnam and China. [1]
Phonology
Consonants
Phula has the following consonants. [2]
| Labial | Coronal | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Central | Lateral | |||||||
| Stops | Aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | ||||
| Voiceless | p | t | k | |||||
| Voiced | b | d | g | |||||
| Affricates | Aspirated | tsʰ | tɬʰ | ʈʂʰ | tʃʰ | |||
| Voiceless | ts | tɬ | ʈʂ | tʃ | ||||
| Voiced | dɮ | |||||||
| Fricatives | Voiceless | f | s | ɬ | ʂ | ʃ | χ | |
| Voiced | v | z | ɮ | ʐ | ʒ | ʁ | ||
| Voiced laryngealized | v* | z* | ʒ* | |||||
| Nasals | m | n | ŋ | |||||
| Approximants | w | l | j | |||||
Vowels
Phula has the following vowels. [2]
| front | central | back unrounded |
back rounded | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | ɨ | ɯ | u |
| Hi-Mid | e | ə | o | |
| Lo-Mid | ɛ | ʌ | ɔ | |
| Low | a |
Tones
Phula has five tones: [2] high (55), mid (33), low (22), low-rising (24), and low-falling (21).
Notes
References
Robert Wayne Fried. 2000. "A Preliminary Phonological Sketch of Phu-kha, a Tibeto-Burman Language Spoken in Northern Vietnam," University of Texas at Arlington MA thesis.
Jamin R. Pelkey. 2005. "Puzzling over Phula: Toward the Synthesis and Statement of a Sub-Branch," Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 28/2:41-78.