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| image =
| image =
| caption =
| caption =
| date = July 1510
| date = 25 July 1510
| place = [[Tripoli]] (present-day [[Libya]])
| place = [[Tripoli]] (present-day [[Libya]])
| result = Decisive Spanish victory
| result = Decisive Spanish victory
| combatant1 = {{flagicon|Spain|1506}} [[Spanish Empire]]<br/>
| combatant1 = {{flagicon image|Royal Banner of Aragón.svg}} [[Crown of Aragon]]<br/>{{flag|Kingdom of Sicily}}
| combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Hafsid Flag - Tunisia.svg}} [[Hafsid dynasty]]<br/>
| combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Hafsid Flag - Tunisia.svg}} [[Hafsid dynasty]]<br/>
| commander1 = [[Pedro Navarro]]
| commander1 = [[Pedro Navarro]]
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| strength2 =
| strength2 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 = Many killed or enslaved
| casualties2 = 10,000 Muslims killed and many Jews enslaved<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=fRYe5dCFq4YC&pg=PA49&lpg=PA49&dq= "The Former Jews of This Kingdom: Sicilian Converts After the Expulsion 1492-1516"]</ref>
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The '''Conquest of Tripoli''' was a maritime campaign led by [[Pedro Navarro]]. On the morning of Thursday, July 25, 1510, St. James's Day, a Spanish fleet commanded by Navarro arrived in front of Tripoli. Approximately 6,000 marines came from Spanish ships, half of whom were employed in the siege of the city, while the others stayed in the camp to prevent an [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] attack from the hinterland. With the effective use of naval artillery, the Spanish quickly captured the maghreb city.
The '''Conquest of Tripoli''' was a maritime campaign led by [[Pedro Navarro]] which captured the city of [[Tripoli]] in [[North Africa]] in the name of the [[Crown of Aragon]] in 1510.


Navarro was a commander in the service of King [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]], and plans to capture Tripoli began after the [[Kingdom of Tlemcen|King of Tlemcen]] agreed to pay a tribute to Aragon on 5 June 1510. Prior to the invasion, Navarro's fleet landed at [[Malta (island)|Malta]], where he was joined by five galleys and some [[Maltese people|Maltese]] guides and a pilot. The fleet departed Malta on 20 July and it arrived off the coast of Tripoli four days later.<ref name="vella1975">{{cite journal |last1=Vella |first1=Andrew P. |title=The Order of Malta and the defence of Tripoli 1530–1551 |journal=Melita Historica |date=1975 |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=362–381 |url=https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/123456789/37478/1/3.pdf |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20200709081653/https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/123456789/37478/1/3.pdf |archivedate=9 July 2020}}</ref>
After capturing the city, Spanish forces destroyed many of its buildings and killed or enslaved much of the population. In 1524,{{cn|date=November 2018}}<!-- Articles elsewhere say 1530- which is it?--> Spain gave Tripoli to the [[History of Malta under the Order of Saint John|Knights of St. John]], who lost it in 1551 to [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] captain [[Dragut|Turgut Reis]].

On the morning of 25 July 1510, St James's Day, the invasion force attacked the city and its castle.<ref name="vella1975"/> Approximately 6,000 marines came from Spanish ships, half of whom were employed in the siege of the city, while the others stayed in the camp to prevent an [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] attack from the hinterland. With the effective use of naval artillery, the Spanish quickly captured the Maghreb city.{{cn|date=October 2020}} Tripoli surrendered after about three hours of heavy fighting in the city's streets.<ref name="vella1975"/>

After capturing the city, Spanish forces destroyed many of its buildings and killed or enslaved much of the population, while some inhabitants escaped to the nearby settlements of [[Janzur]] and [[Tajura]].<ref name="phw2011">{{cite journal |last1=Mallia |first1=David |title=The survival of the Knights' Church in Tripoli |journal=Proceedings of History Week |date=2011 |pages=29–45 |url=http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Proceedings%20of%20History%20Week/PHW2011/02s.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122062501/http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Proceedings%20of%20History%20Week/PHW2011/02s.pdf |archivedate=22 January 2019}}</ref> A considerable number of Jews who were enslaved were sent to [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]], where some converted to Christianity.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Zeldes |first1=N. |title=The Former Jews of This Kingdom: Sicilian Converts After the Expulsion 1492–1516 |date=2003 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004128989 |page=49 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fRYe5dCFq4YC&pg=PA49#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref> Meanwhile, about 170 Christians who had been slaves in Tripoli (most of whom were from Sicily or Malta) were freed.<ref name="vella1975"/>

Tripoli remained [[Spanish Tripoli|under Spanish rule]] until 1530, when it was granted to the [[Knights Hospitaller|Hospitallers]]. The latter [[Hospitaller Tripoli|ruled the city]] until they were expelled by [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] captain [[Dragut]] in [[Siege of Tripoli (1551)|a siege in 1551]].<ref name="phw2011"/>


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Siege of Tripoli (1551)]]
* [[Spanish Tripoli]]


== References ==
== References ==

Revision as of 17:31, 27 October 2020

Conquest of Tripoli
Date25 July 1510
Location
Tripoli (present-day Libya)
Result Decisive Spanish victory
Belligerents
Crown of Aragon
 Kingdom of Sicily		 Hafsid dynasty
Commanders and leaders
Pedro Navarro
Strength
6,000 marines
Casualties and losses
Many killed or enslaved

The Conquest of Tripoli was a maritime campaign led by Pedro Navarro which captured the city of Tripoli in North Africa in the name of the Crown of Aragon in 1510.

Navarro was a commander in the service of King Ferdinand II of Aragon, and plans to capture Tripoli began after the King of Tlemcen agreed to pay a tribute to Aragon on 5 June 1510. Prior to the invasion, Navarro's fleet landed at Malta, where he was joined by five galleys and some Maltese guides and a pilot. The fleet departed Malta on 20 July and it arrived off the coast of Tripoli four days later.[1]

On the morning of 25 July 1510, St James's Day, the invasion force attacked the city and its castle.[1] Approximately 6,000 marines came from Spanish ships, half of whom were employed in the siege of the city, while the others stayed in the camp to prevent an Ottoman attack from the hinterland. With the effective use of naval artillery, the Spanish quickly captured the Maghreb city.[citation needed] Tripoli surrendered after about three hours of heavy fighting in the city's streets.[1]

After capturing the city, Spanish forces destroyed many of its buildings and killed or enslaved much of the population, while some inhabitants escaped to the nearby settlements of Janzur and Tajura.[2] A considerable number of Jews who were enslaved were sent to Sicily, where some converted to Christianity.[3] Meanwhile, about 170 Christians who had been slaves in Tripoli (most of whom were from Sicily or Malta) were freed.[1]

Tripoli remained under Spanish rule until 1530, when it was granted to the Hospitallers. The latter ruled the city until they were expelled by Ottoman captain Dragut in a siege in 1551.[2]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d Vella, Andrew P. (1975). "The Order of Malta and the defence of Tripoli 1530–1551" (PDF). Melita Historica. 6 (4): 362–381. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 July 2020.
  2. ^ a b Mallia, David (2011). "The survival of the Knights' Church in Tripoli" (PDF). Proceedings of History Week: 29–45. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 January 2019.
  3. ^ Zeldes, N. (2003). The Former Jews of This Kingdom: Sicilian Converts After the Expulsion 1492–1516. BRILL. p. 49. ISBN 9789004128989.
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