Racism in Romania: Difference between revisions
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'''Racism in Romania''' is directed against various minority groups, prominently [[Romani people]], but there are also problems with [[anti-semitism]] and other forms of [[discrimination]]. In particular, [[Romania in World War II|World War II]] and the subsequent era of [[Socialist Republic of Romania|communist rule]] both established |
'''Racism in Romania''' is directed against various minority groups, prominently [[Romani people]], but there are also problems with [[anti-semitism]] and other forms of [[discrimination]]. In particular, [[Romania in World War II|World War II]] and the subsequent era of [[Socialist Republic of Romania|communist rule]] both established hatred and xenophobic feelings which still influence contemporary Romanian discourse.<ref name=rpe/> |
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==Roma== |
==Roma== |
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Belonging to the lowest social classes, the Romani are caught in a vicious circle of poverty reinforced by segregation.<ref name="enar"/> Prejudice against Romani people is common among the Romanians, who stereotype the Romani as being thieves, dirty and lazy.<ref name="enar"/> |
Belonging to the lowest social classes, the Romani are caught in a vicious circle of poverty reinforced by segregation.<ref name="enar"/> Prejudice against Romani people is common among the Romanians, who stereotype the Romani as being thieves, dirty and lazy.<ref name="enar"/> |
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Violence against Romani is also common in [[Romania]], especially [[police brutality]], such cases of excessive force being not adequately investigated or sanctioned.<ref name="enar"/> Several anti-Romani |
Violence against Romani is also common in [[Romania]], especially [[police brutality]], such cases of excessive force being not adequately investigated or sanctioned.<ref name="enar"/> Several anti-Romani riots occurred in the last decades, notable of which being the [[Hădăreni riots]] of 1993, in which a mob of Romanians and Hungarians, in response to the killing of a Romanian by a Romani, burnt down 13 houses belonging to the Romani, lynched three Romani people and forced 130 people to flee the village.<ref name="hadareni">[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE6D8133AF934A15753C1A965958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all "Hadareni Journal; Death Is a Neighbor, and the Gypsies Are Terrified"], in ''[[New York Times]]'', October 27, 1993</ref> |
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===Discrimination=== |
===Discrimination=== |
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The Romani are discriminated on the access to healthcare, which leads to a generally poorer health status, the life expectancy of the Romani minority being 10 years lower than the Romanian average.<ref name="enar">Delia-Luiza |
The Romani are discriminated on the access to healthcare, which leads to a generally poorer health status, the life expectancy of the Romani minority being 10 years lower than the Romanian average.<ref name="enar">Delia-Luiza Niță, [http://cms.horus.be/files/99935/MediaArchive/national/Romania%20-%20SR%202008.pdf ENAR Shadow Report 2008: Racism in Romania], [[European Network Against Racism]]</ref> |
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Within the Romanian education system there is discrimination and segregation, which leads to higher drop-out rates and lower qualifications for the Romani students.<ref name="enar"/> |
Within the Romanian education system there is discrimination and segregation, which leads to higher drop-out rates and lower qualifications for the Romani students.<ref name="enar"/> |
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===History=== |
===History=== |
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In [[Wallachia]] and [[Moldavia]], |
In [[Wallachia]] and [[Moldavia]], the Romani people have been for centuries slaves belonging to the state, church or [[boyar]]s until slavery was gradually abolished during the 1840s and 1850s (see [[Slavery in Romania]]). |
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==Anti-semitism== |
==Anti-semitism== |
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: {{see also|Antisemitic laws in Romania|History of the Jews in Romania}} |
: {{see also|Antisemitic laws in Romania|History of the Jews in Romania}} |
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The presence of Jews in Romania is documented back to the 17th century. Since then the level of discrimination has varied. It increased sharply in the 1930s under the influence of |
The presence of Jews in Romania is documented back to the 17th century. Since then the level of discrimination has varied. It increased sharply in the 1930s under the influence of the [[Iron Guard]]. Romania also organized death camps for Jews in the occupied [[Transnistria Governorate]], such as the one at [[Bogdanovka]], and the Romanian Army was involved in the [[1941 Odessa massacre]]. |
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After World War II, most of those Jews who had survived emigrated to Israel. Prejudice continued under the [[Ion Iliescu]] government (2000-2004), although the desire to join the [[European Union]] led to a greater acknowledgement of past Romanian crimes, with Iliescu finally admitting to the genocide of Romanian Jews in 2004.<ref name=rpe>{{cite book|title=Racism Postcolonialism Europe|year=2011|publisher=Liverpool University Press|location=Liverpool, UK|pages=40–41|author=Graham Huggan, Ian Law}}</ref> |
After World War II, most of those Jews who had survived emigrated to Israel. Prejudice continued under the [[Ion Iliescu]] government (2000-2004), although the desire to join the [[European Union]] led to a greater acknowledgement of past Romanian crimes, with Iliescu finally admitting to the genocide of Romanian Jews in 2004.<ref name=rpe>{{cite book|title=Racism Postcolonialism Europe|year=2011|publisher=Liverpool University Press|location=Liverpool, UK|pages=40–41|author=Graham Huggan, Ian Law}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 06:02, 25 October 2019
Racism in Romania is directed against various minority groups, prominently Romani people, but there are also problems with anti-semitism and other forms of discrimination. In particular, World War II and the subsequent era of communist rule both established hatred and xenophobic feelings which still influence contemporary Romanian discourse.[1]
Roma
Belonging to the lowest social classes, the Romani are caught in a vicious circle of poverty reinforced by segregation.[2] Prejudice against Romani people is common among the Romanians, who stereotype the Romani as being thieves, dirty and lazy.[2]
Violence against Romani is also common in Romania, especially police brutality, such cases of excessive force being not adequately investigated or sanctioned.[2] Several anti-Romani riots occurred in the last decades, notable of which being the Hădăreni riots of 1993, in which a mob of Romanians and Hungarians, in response to the killing of a Romanian by a Romani, burnt down 13 houses belonging to the Romani, lynched three Romani people and forced 130 people to flee the village.[3]
Discrimination
The Romani are discriminated on the access to healthcare, which leads to a generally poorer health status, the life expectancy of the Romani minority being 10 years lower than the Romanian average.[2]
Within the Romanian education system there is discrimination and segregation, which leads to higher drop-out rates and lower qualifications for the Romani students.[2]
Segregation
In Baia Mare, Mayor Cătălin Cherecheș built a 2-metre high, 100-metre long concrete wall to separate 3 buildings where Romani community lives from a highly circulated road, arguing that this would bring "order and discipline" into the area. Part of Romani community agrees with the decisions as it made a safer environment for their children and fewer car accidents. [4]
History
In Wallachia and Moldavia, the Romani people have been for centuries slaves belonging to the state, church or boyars until slavery was gradually abolished during the 1840s and 1850s (see Slavery in Romania).
Anti-semitism
The presence of Jews in Romania is documented back to the 17th century. Since then the level of discrimination has varied. It increased sharply in the 1930s under the influence of the Iron Guard. Romania also organized death camps for Jews in the occupied Transnistria Governorate, such as the one at Bogdanovka, and the Romanian Army was involved in the 1941 Odessa massacre.
After World War II, most of those Jews who had survived emigrated to Israel. Prejudice continued under the Ion Iliescu government (2000-2004), although the desire to join the European Union led to a greater acknowledgement of past Romanian crimes, with Iliescu finally admitting to the genocide of Romanian Jews in 2004.[1]
Notes
- ^ a b Graham Huggan, Ian Law (2011). Racism Postcolonialism Europe. Liverpool, UK: Liverpool University Press. pp. 40–41.
- ^ a b c d e Delia-Luiza Niță, ENAR Shadow Report 2008: Racism in Romania, European Network Against Racism
- ^ "Hadareni Journal; Death Is a Neighbor, and the Gypsies Are Terrified", in New York Times, October 27, 1993
- ^ "Roma community segregation still plaguing Romania", SETimes, July 18, 2011
References
- Viorel Achim, The Roma in Romanian History, Central European University Press, Budapest, 2004. ISBN 963-9241-84-9