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The '''Cascade red fox''' (''Vulpes vulpes cascadensis'') is a subspecies of [[Red Fox|red fox]] native to [[Washington (state)|Washington]] in the United States. |
The '''Cascade red fox''' (''Vulpes vulpes cascadensis'') is a subspecies of [[Red Fox|red fox]] native to [[Washington (state)|Washington]] in the United States. |
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== Diet == |
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They prey on small mammals and birds living only in the mountains. Due to this, they have an ecology distinct from lowland red foxes.<ref name="Gov" /> |
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| ⚫ | The range of the Cascade red fox is estimated to be 4500 km<sup>2</sup>, but may be as large as 40000 km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name="NatureServe">Fleckenstein, J.W. [http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Vulpes+vulpes+cascadensis "Vulpes vulpes cascadensis - Merriam, 1900"], ''[[NatureServe]]'', 20 September 2011. Retrieved on 10 December 2017.</ref> It lives in the subalpine meadows and parklands of the [[Cascade Range|Cascade Mountains]], as well as the open forests on the eastern slope. It does not however inhabit the densely forested western slope.<ref>Aubry, Keith Baker. [https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/handle/1773/5517 "The Cascade red fox: distribution, morphology, zoogeoraphy and ecology"], ''[[University of Washington]]'', 26 May 1983. Retrieved on 10 December 2017.</ref> It may inhabit the very southern parts of [[British Columbia]]. |
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==Distribution== |
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==North American colonization== |
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| ⚫ | The range of the Cascade red fox is estimated to be 4500 km<sup>2</sup>, but may be as large as 40000 km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name="NatureServe">Fleckenstein, J.W. [http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Vulpes+vulpes+cascadensis "Vulpes vulpes cascadensis - Merriam, 1900"], ''[[NatureServe]]'', 20 September 2011. Retrieved on 10 December 2017.</ref> It lives in the subalpine meadows and parklands of the [[Cascade Range|Cascade Mountains]], as well as the open forests on the eastern slope. It does not however inhabit the densely forested western slope.<ref>Aubry, Keith Baker. [https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/handle/1773/5517 "The Cascade red fox: distribution, morphology, zoogeoraphy and ecology"], ''[[University of Washington]]'', 26 May 1983. Retrieved on 10 December 2017.</ref> It may inhabit the very southern parts of [[British Columbia]]. Recent surveys have suggested that they are becoming rarer. This might be due to habitat loss from [[climate change]], [[logging]], and increased recreation in winter allowing other predators such as [[Coyote|coyotes]] and lowland red foxes to enter their habitat.<ref name="Gov" />Some populations might have gone extinct. The current number of populations seems to be less than 5.<ref>[http://eol.org/pages/1270427/details "Vulpes vulpes cascadensis"] ''[[Encyclopedia of Life]]'' Retrieved on 10 December 2017.</ref> |
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| ⚫ | The ancestors of the Cascade red fox colonized [[North America]] after crossing the [[Beringia|Bering landbridge]] during the [[Illinoian (stage)|Illinoian glaciation]] over 300,000 years ago.<ref name="Gov">Akins, Jocelyn. [https://www.nps.gov/articles/cascade-fox.htm "Conservation Status of the Cascade Red Fox"] ''[[National Park Service]]'' Retrieved on 10 December 2017.</ref> During the [[Wisconsin glaciation]], they were pushed south to escape to ice free forests. From that point, they adapted to the colder climate and became distinct. After the glaciation, they moved up into the mountains where conditions were similar. |
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==Origins== |
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| ⚫ | The ancestors of the Cascade red fox colonized [[North America]] after crossing the [[Beringia|Bering landbridge]] during the [[Illinoian (stage)|Illinoian glaciation]] over 300,000 years ago.<ref name="Gov">Akins, Jocelyn. [https://www.nps.gov/articles/cascade-fox.htm "Conservation Status of the Cascade Red Fox"] ''[[National Park Service]]'' Retrieved on 10 December 2017.</ref> During the [[Wisconsin glaciation]], they were pushed south to escape to ice free forests. From that point, they adapted to the colder climate and became distinct. After the glaciation, they moved up into the mountains where conditions were similar.<ref name="Gov" /> |
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| ⚫ | The Cascade red fox is a Natural Heritage Critically Imperiled Species, as well as a Washington Candidate Species for protection.<ref name="NatureServe" /><ref>[http://wdfw.wa.gov/conservation/endangered/species/cascade_red_fox.pdf "Cascade Red Fox"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301045100/http://wdfw.wa.gov/conservation/endangered/species/cascade_red_fox.pdf |date=2017-03-01 }} ''[[Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife]]'' Retrieved on 10 December 2017.</ref> |
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==Conservation== |
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| ⚫ | The Cascade red fox is a Natural Heritage Critically Imperiled Species, as well as a Washington Candidate Species for protection.<ref name="NatureServe" /><ref>[http://wdfw.wa.gov/conservation/endangered/species/cascade_red_fox.pdf "Cascade Red Fox"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301045100/http://wdfw.wa.gov/conservation/endangered/species/cascade_red_fox.pdf |date=2017-03-01 }} ''[[Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife]]'' Retrieved on 10 December 2017.</ref> Lack of information has made conservation efforts much harder.<ref name="Gov" /> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Revision as of 16:18, 3 June 2021
| Cascade red fox | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Carnivora |
| Family: | Canidae |
| Genus: | Vulpes |
| Species: | |
| Subspecies: | V. v. cascadensis
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| Trinomial name | |
| Vulpes vulpes cascadensis Merriam, 1900
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The Cascade red fox (Vulpes vulpes cascadensis) is a subspecies of red fox native to Washington in the United States.
Diet
They prey on small mammals and birds living only in the mountains. Due to this, they have an ecology distinct from lowland red foxes.[1]
Distribution
The range of the Cascade red fox is estimated to be 4500 km2, but may be as large as 40000 km2.[2] It lives in the subalpine meadows and parklands of the Cascade Mountains, as well as the open forests on the eastern slope. It does not however inhabit the densely forested western slope.[3] It may inhabit the very southern parts of British Columbia. Recent surveys have suggested that they are becoming rarer. This might be due to habitat loss from climate change, logging, and increased recreation in winter allowing other predators such as coyotes and lowland red foxes to enter their habitat.[1]Some populations might have gone extinct. The current number of populations seems to be less than 5.[4]
Origins
The ancestors of the Cascade red fox colonized North America after crossing the Bering landbridge during the Illinoian glaciation over 300,000 years ago.[1] During the Wisconsin glaciation, they were pushed south to escape to ice free forests. From that point, they adapted to the colder climate and became distinct. After the glaciation, they moved up into the mountains where conditions were similar.[1]
Conservation
The Cascade red fox is a Natural Heritage Critically Imperiled Species, as well as a Washington Candidate Species for protection.[2][5] Lack of information has made conservation efforts much harder.[1]
See also
A Cascade red fox at Mt Rainier National Park in December - Sierra Nevada red fox
- American red fox
References
- ^ a b c d e Akins, Jocelyn. "Conservation Status of the Cascade Red Fox" National Park Service Retrieved on 10 December 2017.
- ^ a b Fleckenstein, J.W. "Vulpes vulpes cascadensis - Merriam, 1900", NatureServe, 20 September 2011. Retrieved on 10 December 2017.
- ^ Aubry, Keith Baker. "The Cascade red fox: distribution, morphology, zoogeoraphy and ecology", University of Washington, 26 May 1983. Retrieved on 10 December 2017.
- ^ "Vulpes vulpes cascadensis" Encyclopedia of Life Retrieved on 10 December 2017.
- ^ "Cascade Red Fox" Archived 2017-03-01 at the Wayback Machine Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Retrieved on 10 December 2017.