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| type = [[MRBM]] with [[hypersonic glide vehicle|HGV]]
| type = [[MRBM]] with [[hypersonic glide vehicle|HGV]]
| origin = China
| origin = China
| engine = [[multistage rocket|Two-stage]] [[Solid-fuel rocket]]
| engine = Single-stage [[solid-fuel rocket]]{{sfn|Nouwen|Wright|Graham|Herzinger|2024|p=10}}
| weight = ~{{convert|5000|kg|lb}}<ref name="missilethreat"/>
| weight = ~{{convert|5000|kg|lb}}<ref name="missilethreat"/>
| length = ~{{convert|11|m|ft}}<ref name="missilethreat"/>
| length = ~{{convert|11|m|ft}}<ref name="missilethreat"/>
| diameter =
| diameter =
| vehicle_range = ~{{convert|1250|-|1800|km|mi}}<ref name=thediplomat/>
| vehicle_range = {{convert|1600|km|mi}}+{{sfn|Nouwen|Wright|Graham|Herzinger|2024|p=28}}
| filling = [[Thermonuclear weapon|Thermonuclear]] (claimed by the [[United States]]) or <br> [[Conventional weapons|Conventional]]
| filling = [[Thermonuclear weapon|Thermonuclear]] (claimed by the [[United States]]) or <br> [[Conventional weapons|Conventional]]
| manufacturer = [[China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology]] (CALT)
| manufacturer = [[China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology]] (CALT){{sfn|Wood|Cliff|2020|p=13}}
| unit_cost =
| unit_cost =
| service = 2019–present
| service = 2019–present
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}}
}}


The '''Dongfeng-17''' ({{zh|t=東風-17|s=东风-17|p=dōngfēng-17|l=East Wind-17}}; [[NATO reporting name]]: '''CH-SS-22'''<ref name="IISS_2023">{{Cite book|work=The International Institute for Strategic Studies|title=The Military Balance 2023|date=15 February 2023 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |chapter=6 Asia |isbn=9781003400226 |doi=10.4324/9781003400226 |last1=For Strategic Studies (Iiss) |first1=The International Institute }}</ref>), is a Chinese [[solid fuel|solid-fuelled]] road-mobile [[medium-range ballistic missile]]<ref name="diplomat">{{cite web |url=https://thediplomat.com/2020/02/questions-about-chinas-df-17-and-a-nuclear-capability/ |title=Questions About China's DF-17 and a Nuclear Capability |work=[[The Diplomat]] |date=16 February 2020 |access-date=5 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="missilethreat">{{cite web |url=https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/df-17/ |title=DF-17 |work=CSIS Missile Defense Project |access-date=5 March 2020}}</ref> specifically designed to mount the [[DF-ZF]] [[hypersonic glide vehicle]].<ref name="urlCheck Out Chinas New DF-17 Hypersonic Glide Vehicle: A Real Killer? | The National Interest">{{cite web |url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/check-out-chinas-new-df-17-hypersonic-glide-vehicle-real-killer-84946 |title=Check Out China's New DF-17 Hypersonic Glide Vehicle: A Real Killer? &#124; The National Interest |date=October 2019 }}</ref>
The '''Dongfeng-17''' ({{zh|t=東風-17|s=东风-17|p=dōngfēng-17|l=East Wind-17}}; [[NATO reporting name]]: '''CH-SS-22'''{{sfn|Nouwen|Wright|Graham|Herzinger|2024|p=9}}), is a Chinese [[solid fuel|solid-fuelled]] road-mobile [[medium-range ballistic missile]]{{sfn|Nouwen|Wright|Graham|Herzinger|2024|p=10}} designed to carry the [[DF-ZF]] [[hypersonic glide vehicle]].{{sfn|Wood|Cliff|2020|p=23}}


The missile likely entered service in the second half of 2019. It is the first operationally deployed tactical ballistic missile with an HGV.{{sfn|Wood|Cliff|2020|p=23}}
The DF-17 along with the DF-ZF, was officially unveiled at the [[70th anniversary of the People's Republic of China|National Day military parade]] on 1 October 2019,<ref name=thewallstreetjournal>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-brings-out-the-big-guns-for-national-day-11569928535|title=China Brings Out the Big Guns for National Day}}</ref> making this China's first operational [[Hypersonic weapon|hypersonic weapon systems]] and one of the world's first to be put in full [[Initial operating capability|initial operation.]]<ref name = HKenhmann20191007 >[http://www.eastpendulum.com/df-17-ce-que-lon-sait-de-cette-arme-hypersonique-chinoise Henri Kenhmann (2019-10-07) DF-17 : Ce que l’on sait de cette arme hypersonique chinoise] (translated, French: ''DF-17: What is known about this Chinese hypersonic weapon'')</ref>


==Design==
==Design==


The DF-17 uses the rocket booster from the [[DF-16]]B short-range ballistic missile.{{sfn|Wood|Cliff|2020|p=23}}
The DF-17 uses the rocket booster from the already operational [[DF-16]]B short-range ballistic missile.<ref name="thedrive">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/30119/four-of-the-biggest-revelations-from-chinas-massive-70th-anniversary-military-parade |title=Four Of The Biggest Revelations From China's Massive 70th Anniversary Military Parade |date=October 2019 |access-date=2019-10-01}}</ref><ref name="armyrecognition">{{Cite web|url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/china_chinese_army_missile_systems_vehicles/df-16_cruise_missile_short_medium_range_technical_data_sheet_specifications_10102163.html|title=DF-16 short / medium-range ballistic missile}}</ref> As such, the design of the missile itself did not require any major changes. The biggest change however, is the obvious usage of a hypersonic glide vehicle rather than a conventional re-entry warhead(s) found in normal [[ballistic missiles]] and [[MIRV|MIRVs]]. Due to the use of a Hypersonic Glide Vehicle instead of a conventional reentry vehicle, It has been presumed that the DF-17, along with the DF-ZF, will be initially used to target American [[Aircraft Carriers]] operating in the DF-17's effective range, as China's [[Anti-ship Ballistic Missiles]], such as the [[DF-21D]], use conventional reentry vehicles, which, although are faster than HGVs, are less maneuverable than Hypersonic Glide Vehicles, and as more enter service, it is likely that the DF-17 and DF-ZF will be used in a Land-Attack Role alongside a Anti-Ship Role.


It is more difficult for [[missile defense]]s to intercept the manoeuvrable DF-ZF than a ballistic missile, whose trajectories are more predictable.{{sfn|Mihal|2021|p=22}}{{sfn|Nouwen|Wright|Graham|Herzinger|2024|p=9}} DF-17 strikes to degrade air and missile defenses may precede the use of less survivable weapons.{{sfn|Nouwen|Wright|Graham|Herzinger|2024|p=9}}
The DF-ZF HGV operates in a different manner from normal ballistic missiles or even [[ICBM|intercontinental ballistic missiles]] in the first place. Rather than firing and landing in a normal arc, the DF-17's HGV suppresses its trajectory and accelerates to reach [[Mach number|Mach]] 5.


According to Chinese commentators, the DF-ZF is armed with a conventional warhead.{{sfn|Mihal|2021|p=22}} US intelligence considers the DF-ZF to be nuclear capable as well.<ref name="diplomat">{{cite web |last1=Panda |first1=Ankit |url=https://thediplomat.com/2020/02/questions-about-chinas-df-17-and-a-nuclear-capability/ |title=Questions About China's DF-17 and a Nuclear Capability |website=[[The Diplomat]] |date=16 February 2020 |access-date=5 March 2020}}</ref>
Due to its suppressed, lower altitude trajectory, intercepting the glide vehicle with [[Anti-ballistic_missile|ABM]] shielding becomes far harder and more complex than that of a conventional re-entry vehicle. This is further complicated, as the gliding makes the DF-ZF far more maneuverable;<ref name= df17BoostedHgv >[https://thediplomat.com/2019/10/hypersonic-hype-just-how-big-of-a-deal-is-chinas-df-17-missile/ Ankit Panda (October 07, 2019) Hypersonic Hype: Just How Big of a Deal Is China’s DF-17 Missile?] A conventional-weapons-only boost-glide HGV mounted on endo-atmospheric fuselage</ref> extending both its range and avoiding potential ABM shielding. As such, the DF-17 is a [[Medium-range ballistic missile|MRBM]] despite using a [[DF-16]] [[Short-range ballistic missile|SRBM]] booster.<ref name=militarytoday>{{Cite web |url=http://www.military-today.com/missiles/df_17.htm |title=DF-17}}</ref> The DF-17 can also be used to mount a more conventional re-entry vehicle than the DF-ZF.<ref name=southchinamorningpost>{{Cite news |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/military/article/3031145/china-rolls-out-new-weapon-systems-nuclear-capable-missiles|title=China rolls out new weapon systems, nuclear-capable missiles in military parade}}</ref>


==Development==
==Development==
Testing of DF-17 prototypes was underway by 2014. At least nine test flights occurred between January 2014 and November 2017.<ref name="missilethreat"/>


The DF-ZF flight test on 15 November 2017 was launched using a DF-17.{{sfn|Wood|Cliff|2020|p=21}}<ref name="missilethreat">{{cite web |url=https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/df-17/ |title=DF-17 |work=CSIS Missile Defense Project |access-date=5 March 2020}}</ref>
The HGV test flight of 1 November 2017 launched from the [[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center]] in [[Inner Mongolia]]. The missile's payload flew approximately 1,400 kilometers with the HGV flying at a depressed altitude of around 60 kilometers following the completion of the DF-17’s ballistic and reentry phases. The test followed the first plenum of the Communist Party of China’s 19th Party Congress in October.<ref name=thediplomat>{{Cite news |url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:g2tKDyebQOQJ:https://thediplomat.com/2017/12/introducing-the-df-17-chinas-newly-tested-ballistic-missile-armed-with-a-hypersonic-glide-vehicle/+&cd=12&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=au&client=firefox-b-d| title=Introducing the DF-17: China's Newly Tested Ballistic Missile Armed With a Hypersonic Glide Vehicle}}</ref>


The missile was officially unveiled during the National Day parade on 1 October 2019.<ref name=thewallstreetjournal/>
The DF-17 and DF-ZF made their first official public appearance during the [[70th anniversary of the People's Republic of China|National Day military parade]] on 1 October 2019.{{sfn|Wood|Cliff|2020|p=23}}


== Strategic implications ==
== Strategic implications ==
In March 2020, the [[United States Department of Defense]] proposes to accelerate the development of conventionally armed hypersonic glide vehicles (HGV) to keep pace with the Chinese development. Michael Griffin, former [[Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering]], presented [[House Armed Services Committee]] that the United States needs to develop hypersonic weapons "to [[arms race|allow us to match what our adversaries are doing]]."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2020-04/news/pentagon-tests-hypersonic-glide-body |title=Pentagon Tests Hypersonic Glide Body |last1=Reif |first1=Kingston |last2=Bugos |first2=Shannon|date=April 2020 |website=armscontrol.org |publisher=[[Arms Control Association]]}}</ref>
In March 2020, the [[United States Department of Defense]] proposed accelerating the development of conventionally armed hypersonic glide vehicles (HGV) to keep pace with the Chinese development. Michael Griffin, former [[Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering]], told the [[House Armed Services Committee]] that the United States needs to develop hypersonic weapons "to [[arms race|allow us to match what our adversaries are doing]]."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2020-04/news/pentagon-tests-hypersonic-glide-body |title=Pentagon Tests Hypersonic Glide Body |last1=Reif |first1=Kingston |last2=Bugos |first2=Shannon|date=April 2020 |website=armscontrol.org |publisher=[[Arms Control Association]]}}</ref>

== Further development ==
In 2020, multiple military observers in China reported an air-launched hypersonic missile version based on DF-17 was undergoing testing.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.twz.com/37115/video-surfaces-of-chinese-h-6n-missile-carrier-jet-hauling-what-could-be-a-hypersonic-weapon |title=Video Of Chinese Missile Carrier Jet Hauling What Appears To Be A Hypersonic Weapon Emerges |website=The War Zone |date=17 October 2020 |first=Tyler |last=Rogoway }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.twz.com/this-is-our-best-look-yet-at-chinas-air-launched-carrier-killer-missile |title=This Is Our Best Look Yet At China’s Air-Launched ‘Carrier Killer’ Missile |website=The War Zone |date=19 April 2022 |first=Thomas |last=Newdick }}</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
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== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

== Sources ==
* {{cite journal |last1=Mihal |first1=Christopher J. |date=July–August 2021 |title=Understanding the People's Liberation Army Rocket Force |url=https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Journals/Military-Review/English-Edition-Archives/July-August-2021/Mihal-PLA-Rocket-Force/ |journal=Military Review |volume=101 |issue=4 |pages=16–30 |doi= |access-date=}}
* {{cite report |last1=Nouwen |first1=Veerle |last2=Wright |first2=Timothy |last3=Graham |first3=Euan |last4=Herzinger |first4=Blake |date=January 2024 |title=Long-range Strike Capabilities in the Asia-Pacific: Implications for Regional Stability |url=https://www.iiss.org/research-paper/2024/01/long-range-strike-capabilities-in-the--asia-pacific-implications-for-regional-stability/ |publisher=[[The International Institute for Strategic Studies]] |page= |docket= |access-date= |quote=}}
* {{cite book |last1=Wood |first1=Peter |last2=Cliff |first2=Roger |date=2020 |title=A Case Study of the PRC's Hypersonic Systems Development |url=https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/CASI/Display/Article/2334616/a-case-study-of-the-prcs-hypersonic-systems-development/ |publisher=[[China Aerospace Studies Institute]] |isbn=9798672412085 }}


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Latest revision as of 16:16, 28 June 2024

DF-17
DF-17 missile on a road-mobile vehicle
TypeMRBM with HGV
Place of originChina
Service history
In service2019–present
Used byPeople's Liberation Army Rocket Force
Production history
ManufacturerChina Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT)[1]
Specifications
Mass~5,000 kilograms (11,000 lb)[2]
Length~11 metres (36 ft)[2]
WarheadThermonuclear (claimed by the United States) or
Conventional
EngineSingle-stage solid-fuel rocket[3]
Operational
range
1,600 kilometres (990 mi)+[4]
Launch
platform
Road-mobile Transporter erector launcher

The Dongfeng-17 (simplified Chinese: 东风-17; traditional Chinese: 東風-17; pinyin: dōngfēng-17; lit. 'East Wind-17'; NATO reporting name: CH-SS-22[5]), is a Chinese solid-fuelled road-mobile medium-range ballistic missile[3] designed to carry the DF-ZF hypersonic glide vehicle.[6]

The missile likely entered service in the second half of 2019. It is the first operationally deployed tactical ballistic missile with an HGV.[6]

Design[edit]

The DF-17 uses the rocket booster from the DF-16B short-range ballistic missile.[6]

It is more difficult for missile defenses to intercept the manoeuvrable DF-ZF than a ballistic missile, whose trajectories are more predictable.[7][5] DF-17 strikes to degrade air and missile defenses may precede the use of less survivable weapons.[5]

According to Chinese commentators, the DF-ZF is armed with a conventional warhead.[7] US intelligence considers the DF-ZF to be nuclear capable as well.[8]

Development[edit]

The DF-ZF flight test on 15 November 2017 was launched using a DF-17.[9][2]

The DF-17 and DF-ZF made their first official public appearance during the National Day military parade on 1 October 2019.[6]

Strategic implications[edit]

In March 2020, the United States Department of Defense proposed accelerating the development of conventionally armed hypersonic glide vehicles (HGV) to keep pace with the Chinese development. Michael Griffin, former Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering, told the House Armed Services Committee that the United States needs to develop hypersonic weapons "to allow us to match what our adversaries are doing."[10]

Further development[edit]

In 2020, multiple military observers in China reported an air-launched hypersonic missile version based on DF-17 was undergoing testing.[11][12]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Wood & Cliff 2020, p. 13.
  2. ^ a b c "DF-17". CSIS Missile Defense Project. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
  3. ^ a b Nouwen et al. 2024, p. 10.
  4. ^ Nouwen et al. 2024, p. 28.
  5. ^ a b c Nouwen et al. 2024, p. 9.
  6. ^ a b c d Wood & Cliff 2020, p. 23.
  7. ^ a b Mihal 2021, p. 22.
  8. ^ Panda, Ankit (16 February 2020). "Questions About China's DF-17 and a Nuclear Capability". The Diplomat. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
  9. ^ Wood & Cliff 2020, p. 21.
  10. ^ Reif, Kingston; Bugos, Shannon (April 2020). "Pentagon Tests Hypersonic Glide Body". armscontrol.org. Arms Control Association.
  11. ^ Rogoway, Tyler (17 October 2020). "Video Of Chinese Missile Carrier Jet Hauling What Appears To Be A Hypersonic Weapon Emerges". The War Zone.
  12. ^ Newdick, Thomas (19 April 2022). "This Is Our Best Look Yet At China's Air-Launched 'Carrier Killer' Missile". The War Zone.

Sources[edit]

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