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{{Short description|Mixed language spoken in Guizhou, China}}
{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name=Sanqiao
|name=Sanqiao
Line 6: Line 7:
|speakers=6,000
|speakers=6,000
|date=2017
|date=2017
|ref=.<ref name="Yu2017"/>
|ref=<ref name="Yu2017"/>
|familycolor=mixed
|familycolor=Hmong-Mien
|fam2=[[Hmongic languages|Hmongic]]
|family=[[mixed language|mixed]] [[Dong language|Dong]]–[[Hmu language|Miao]]
|fam3=[[Hmu language|East Hmongic]]
|fam4=Eastern Qiandong Miao
|iso3=none
|iso3=none
|glotto=none
|glotto=sanq1234
|glottorefname=Sanqiao
}}
}}
'''Sanqiao 三锹话''' (三橇) is a [[mixed language|mixed]] [[Dong language|Dong]]–[[Hmu language|Miao]] language spoken in [[Liping County]] and [[Jinping County, Guizhou|Jinping County]], [[Guizhou]], China by about 6,000 people.<ref name="Yu2017"/>
'''Sanqiao''' ({{zh|c=三锹话/三橇话}}) is a [[Hmongic language|Hmongic]] language spoken in [[Jinping County, Guizhou|Jinping County]] and [[Liping County]], [[Guizhou]], China by about 6,000 people.<ref name="Yu2017"/>


The Sanqiao people sing traditional songs using the Suantang language (酸汤话), which is similar to [[New Xiang]].<ref name="Yu2017"/>
The Sanqiao people sing traditional songs using the Suantang language ({{lang|zh|酸汤话}}), a Sinitic language that is similar to [[New Xiang]].<ref name="Yu2017"/>


==Classification==
==Classification==
A study by Hsiu (2024) found that Sanqiao is an [[Hmu language|East Hmongic]] (Central Miao) language, belonging to the East Qiandong dialectal group.<ref>{{cite conference |url=https://www.academia.edu/121034570/The_core_lexicon_of_Sanqiao_a_Hmongic_language_of_Guizhou |title=The core lexicon of Sanqiao: a Hmongic language of Guizhou |last=Hsiu |first=Andrew |date=2024 |location=Taipei |conference=SEALS 33 (33rd Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistic Society)}}</ref>
⚫
Sanqiao vocabulary is about 30%-40% Miao ([[Hmu language|Hmu]]) and 40%-50% Dong ([[Kam language|Kam]]), with the remainder consisting of Chinese words.<ref name="Yu2017">Yu Dazhong [余达忠]. 2017. "Ethnic Interactions and the Formation of the Sanqiu People in the Borderland of Modern Hunan，Guizhou and Guangxi Provinces [近代湘黔桂边区的族群互动和“三锹人”的形成]". In ''Journal of Guizhou Education University'' [贵州师范学院学报], Vol. 33, No. 1 (Jan 2017).</ref> Sanqiao speakers can understand the local Dong and Miao dialects, but the Dong and Miao cannot understand the Sanqiao language.<ref name="Yu2017"/>

⚫
Earlier demographic studies performed by non-linguists claimed that Sanqiao vocabulary is about 30–40% Miao ([[Hmu language|Hmu]]) and 40%-50% Dong ([[Kam language|Kam]]), with the remainder consisting of Chinese words.<ref name="Yu2017">Yu Dazhong [余达忠]. 2017. "Ethnic Interactions and the Formation of the Sanqiu People in the Borderland of Modern Hunan, Guizhou and Guangxi Provinces [近代湘黔桂边区的族群互动和“三锹人”的形成]". In ''Journal of Guizhou Education University'' [贵州师范学院学报], Vol. 33, No. 1 (Jan 2017).</ref>

Sanqiao speakers can understand the local Dong and Miao dialects, but the Dong and Miao cannot understand the Sanqiao language.<ref name="Yu2017"/>


==Distribution==
==Distribution==
In [[Liping County]] and [[Jinping County, Guizhou|Jinping County]], [[Guizhou]], the Sanqiao live in just over 20 villages, with over 6,000 people (Yu 2017).<ref name="Yu2017"/>
In [[Liping County]] and [[Jinping County, Guizhou|Jinping County]], [[Guizhou]], the Sanqiao live in just over 20 villages, with over 6,000 people (Yu 2017).<ref name="Yu2017"/>


Sanqiao in a broader sense, however, is a grouping of about 30,000 people who speak unrelated languages, who are spread across Jingzhou, Huitong, Tongdao, and Suining counties of [[Hunan]], and Liping, Jinping, and Tianzhu counties of [[Guizhou]].<ref name="Yu2017"/> In Hunan, they are also known as the Flowery Miao 花苗 or Flowery-clothed Miao 花衣苗, while in Guizhou they are known as the Sanqiao people 三撬人.<ref name="Yu2017"/>
Sanqiao in a broader sense, however, is a grouping of about 30,000 people who speak unrelated languages, who are spread across Jingzhou, Huitong, Tongdao, and Suining counties of [[Hunan]], and Liping, Jinping, and Tianzhu counties of [[Guizhou]].<ref name="Yu2017"/> In Hunan, they are also known as the Flowery Miao ({{lang|zh|花苗}}) or Flowery-Clothed Miao ({{lang|zh|花衣苗}}), while in Guizhou they are known as the Sanqiao people ({{lang|zh|三撬人}}).<ref name="Yu2017"/>


The Sanqiao are distributed in the following locations of [[Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture|Qiandongnan Prefecture]], [[Guizhou]] (Deng 2010).<ref>Deng Gang 邓刚. 2010. "Sanqiaoren yu Qingshuijiang zhongxiayou de shandi kaifa 三锹人与清水江中下游的山地开发——以黔东南锦屏县岑梧村为." In ''Journal of Original Ecological National Culture'' 原生态民族文化学刊杂志, 2010, no. 2, vol. 1. {{cite web |url=http://www.docin.com/p-361267415.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2016-02-11 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051940/http://www.docin.com/p-361267415.html |archivedate=2016-03-04 |df= }}</ref> There are 22 villages in total.
The Sanqiao are distributed in the following locations of [[Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture|Qiandongnan Prefecture]], [[Guizhou]] (Deng 2010).<ref>Deng Gang 邓刚. 2010. "Sanqiaoren yu Qingshuijiang zhongxiayou de shandi kaifa — yi Qiandongnan Jinpingxian Cenwucun wei zhongxin de kaocha 三锹人与清水江中下游的山地开发—以黔东南锦屏县岑梧村为中心的考察." In ''Journal of Original Ecological National Culture'' 原生态民族文化学刊杂志, 2010, no. 2, vol. 1. http://www.xueshu.com/ystmzwhxk/201001/18021888.html</ref> There are 22 villages in total.
*[[Liping County]]
*[[Liping County]]
**Pingdi Township 平底乡, Shangchong District 尚重区: Cendun 岑趸, Wushan 乌山, Bijie 俾嗟, Yanpi 眼批, Dongweng 董翁, Guidou 归斗, Guiya 归雅, Wule 乌勒, Pingdi 平底, Wupeng 乌碰, Tangtu 塘途, Gaoliang 高练, Biyazhai 俾雅寨
**Pingdi Township 平底乡, Shangchong District 尚重区: Cendun 岑趸, Wushan 乌山, Bijie 俾嗟, Yanpi 眼批, Dongweng 董翁, Guidou 归斗, Guiya 归雅, Wule 乌勒, Pingdi 平底, Wupeng 乌碰, Tangtu 塘途, Gaoliang 高练, Biyazhai 俾雅寨
**Dajia Township 大稼乡: Cennuzhai 岑努寨
**Dajia Township 大稼乡: Cennuzhai 岑努寨
*[[Jinping County, Guizhou|Jinping County]]
*[[Jinping County, Guizhou|Jinping County]]
**Pinglüe 平略 and Qimeng 启蒙 townships: Zhaizao 寨早, Wendou 文斗, Shengli 胜利, Guben 固本, Xinming 新明, Dicha 地茶, Qimeng 启蒙, Yuhe 玉河
**Pinglüe 平略 and Qimeng 启蒙 townships: Zhaizao 寨早, Wendou 文斗, Shengli 胜利, Guben 固本, Xinming 新明, Dicha 地茶, Qimeng 启蒙, Yuhe 裕河


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
*Yu Dazhong [余达忠]. 2017. "Ethnic Interactions and the Formation of the Sanqiu People in the Borderland of Modern Hunan，Guizhou and Guangxi Provinces [近代湘黔桂边区的族群互动和“三锹人”的形成]". In ''Journal of Guizhou Education University'' [贵州师范学院学报], Vol. 33, No. 1 (Jan 2017).
*Yu Dazhong [余达忠]. 2017. "Ethnic Interactions and the Formation of the Sanqiu People in the Borderland of Modern Hunan, Guizhou and Guangxi Provinces [近代湘黔桂边区的族群互动和“三锹人”的形成]". In ''Journal of Guizhou Education University'' [贵州师范学院学报], Vol. 33, No. 1 (Jan 2017).


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.zghuamiao.com/nd.jsp?id=180 “锹人”释考]
*[http://www.zghuamiao.com/nd.jsp?id=180 “锹人”释考]


{{Tai-Kadai languages}}
{{Hmong-Mien languages}}
{{Hmong-Mien languages}}
{{Languages of China}}
{{Languages of China}}


[[Category:Chinese-based pidgins and creoles]]
[[Category:Languages of Guizhou]]
[[Category:Languages of China]]
[[Category:Mixed languages]]
[[Category:Hmongic languages]]
[[Category:Hmongic languages]]
[[Category:Kam–Sui languages]]

Latest revision as of 08:26, 15 June 2024

Sanqiao
Native toChina
RegionGuizhou
EthnicityMiao
Native speakers
6,000 (2017)[1]
Hmong–Mien
Language codes
ISO 639-3None (mis)
Glottologsanq1234

Sanqiao (Chinese: 三锹话/三橇话) is a Hmongic language spoken in Jinping County and Liping County, Guizhou, China by about 6,000 people.[1]

The Sanqiao people sing traditional songs using the Suantang language (酸汤话), a Sinitic language that is similar to New Xiang.[1]

Classification[edit]

A study by Hsiu (2024) found that Sanqiao is an East Hmongic (Central Miao) language, belonging to the East Qiandong dialectal group.[2]

Earlier demographic studies performed by non-linguists claimed that Sanqiao vocabulary is about 30–40% Miao (Hmu) and 40%-50% Dong (Kam), with the remainder consisting of Chinese words.[1]

Sanqiao speakers can understand the local Dong and Miao dialects, but the Dong and Miao cannot understand the Sanqiao language.[1]

Distribution[edit]

In Liping County and Jinping County, Guizhou, the Sanqiao live in just over 20 villages, with over 6,000 people (Yu 2017).[1]

Sanqiao in a broader sense, however, is a grouping of about 30,000 people who speak unrelated languages, who are spread across Jingzhou, Huitong, Tongdao, and Suining counties of Hunan, and Liping, Jinping, and Tianzhu counties of Guizhou.[1] In Hunan, they are also known as the Flowery Miao (花苗) or Flowery-Clothed Miao (花衣苗), while in Guizhou they are known as the Sanqiao people (三撬人).[1]

The Sanqiao are distributed in the following locations of Qiandongnan Prefecture, Guizhou (Deng 2010).[3] There are 22 villages in total.

  • Liping County
    • Pingdi Township 平底乡, Shangchong District 尚重区: Cendun 岑趸, Wushan 乌山, Bijie 俾嗟, Yanpi 眼批, Dongweng 董翁, Guidou 归斗, Guiya 归雅, Wule 乌勒, Pingdi 平底, Wupeng 乌碰, Tangtu 塘途, Gaoliang 高练, Biyazhai 俾雅寨
    • Dajia Township 大稼乡: Cennuzhai 岑努寨
  • Jinping County
    • Pinglüe 平略 and Qimeng 启蒙 townships: Zhaizao 寨早, Wendou 文斗, Shengli 胜利, Guben 固本, Xinming 新明, Dicha 地茶, Qimeng 启蒙, Yuhe 裕河

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Yu Dazhong [余达忠]. 2017. "Ethnic Interactions and the Formation of the Sanqiu People in the Borderland of Modern Hunan, Guizhou and Guangxi Provinces [近代湘黔桂边区的族群互动和“三锹人”的形成]". In Journal of Guizhou Education University [贵州师范学院学报], Vol. 33, No. 1 (Jan 2017).
  2. ^ Hsiu, Andrew (2024). The core lexicon of Sanqiao: a Hmongic language of Guizhou. SEALS 33 (33rd Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistic Society). Taipei.
  3. ^ Deng Gang 邓刚. 2010. "Sanqiaoren yu Qingshuijiang zhongxiayou de shandi kaifa — yi Qiandongnan Jinpingxian Cenwucun wei zhongxin de kaocha 三锹人与清水江中下游的山地开发—以黔东南锦屏县岑梧村为中心的考察." In Journal of Original Ecological National Culture 原生态民族文化学刊杂志, 2010, no. 2, vol. 1. http://www.xueshu.com/ystmzwhxk/201001/18021888.html
  • Yu Dazhong [余达忠]. 2017. "Ethnic Interactions and the Formation of the Sanqiu People in the Borderland of Modern Hunan, Guizhou and Guangxi Provinces [近代湘黔桂边区的族群互动和“三锹人”的形成]". In Journal of Guizhou Education University [贵州师范学院学报], Vol. 33, No. 1 (Jan 2017).

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.chped.com/w/index.php?title=Sanqiao_language&oldid=1229173405"