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Coordinates: 60°59′N 32°55′E / 60.983°N 32.917°E / 60.983; 32.917
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{{Short description|Town in the Republic of Karelia, Russia}}
{{Other uses of}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2012}}


{{Infobox Russian town
{{Infobox Russian inhabited locality
|en_name=Olonets
|en_name= Olonets
|ru_name=Олонец
|ru_name= Олонец
|other_name=Anuksenlinnu
|other_name=Anuksenlinnu
|other_lang=Karelian
|other_lang=Livvi-Karelian
|image_skyline=Olonets.jpg
|image_skyline=Олонец, слияние рек сверху.jpg
|image_caption=A street in Olonets
|image_caption=Aerial view of Olonets
|coordinates={{coord|60|59|N|32|55|E|display=inline,title}}
|latd=60
|latm=59
|lats
|longd=32
|longm=55
|longs
|map_label_position=top
|map_label_position=top
|image_flag
|image_flag
|flag_caption
|flag_caption
|image_coa=Coat of Arms of Olonets (Karelia) (1781).png
|image_coa=Coat of Arms of Olonets.svg
|coa_caption=
|coa_caption=
|anthem
|anthem
Line 26: Line 23:
|federal_subject=[[Republic of Karelia]]
|federal_subject=[[Republic of Karelia]]
|federal_subject_ref=<ref name="Ref62" />
|federal_subject_ref=<ref name="Ref62" />
|adm_data_as_of=April 2013
|adm_district_jur=[[Olonetsky District]]
|adm_district_jur=[[Olonetsky District]]
|adm_district_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref62" />
|adm_district_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref62" />
Line 33: Line 29:
|inhabloc_cat=Town
|inhabloc_cat=Town
|inhabloc_cat_ref=<ref name="Ref62" />
|inhabloc_cat_ref=<ref name="Ref62" />
|mun_data_as_of=April 2013
|mun_district_jur=Olonetsky Municipal District
|mun_district_jur=Olonetsky Municipal District
|mun_district_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref736" />
|mun_district_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref736" />
Line 77: Line 72:
|website
|website
|website_ref
|website_ref
|commonscat=Olonets
|date=July 2013
}}
}}
'''Olonets''' ({{lang-ru|Оло́нец}}; {{lang-krl| Anus, Anuksenlinnu}}; {{lang-fi|Aunus, Aunuksenlinna or Aunuksenkaupunki}}) is a [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|town]] and the [[administrative center]] of [[Olonetsky District]] of the [[Republic of Karelia]], [[Russia]], located on the [[Olonka River]] to the east from [[Lake Ladoga]]. Population: {{ru-census|p2010=9,056|p2002=10,240|p1989=11,888}}


'''Olonets''' ({{lang-ru|link=no|Оло́нец}}; {{lang-krl|Anus}}, {{lang-olo|Anuksenlinnu}}; {{lang-fi|Aunus, Aunuksenkaupunki or Aunuksenlinna}}) is a [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|town]] and the [[administrative center]] of [[Olonetsky District]] of the [[Republic of Karelia]], Russia, located on the [[Olonka River]] to the east of [[Lake Ladoga]].
==History==
Olonets is the oldest documented settlement in [[Karelia]], mentioned by [[Novgorod Republic|Novgorodian]] sources as early as 1137.{{citation needed|date=July 2013}} Its history is obscure until 1649, when a fortress was built there to protect the [[Grand Duchy of Moscow]] against the [[Sweden|Swedes]]. The same year it was granted [[town privileges]].{{citation needed|date=July 2013}} Until the [[Great Northern War]], Olonets developed as a principal market for Russian trade with [[Sweden]]. To the south from the town, there sprawled a belt of fortified abbeys, of which the [[Alexander-Svirsky Monastery]] was the most important.


== Geography ==
In the 18th century, Olonets' importance shifted from trade to ironworking industries. In 1773, it was made the seat of [[Olonets Governorate]]. Eleven years later, however, the seat was moved to [[Petrozavodsk]] and Olonets started to decline.
Olonets is located at the confluence of the [[Olonka]] and Megrega rivers, on the Olonets Plain, 140&nbsp;km southwest of [[Petrozavodsk]], 269&nbsp;km northeast of [[Saint Petersburg|St. Petersburg]] along the {{Jct|R|21|country=RUS}} highway ([[R21 highway (Russia)|«Kola» highway]]).


== History ==
Modern Olonets is classified as a historical town of the Republic of Karelia and is the only town in the republic where [[Karelians]] are in majority (over 60% as of 2004).
Olonets is the oldest documented settlement in [[Karelia]], mentioned by [[Novgorod Republic|Novgorodian]] sources as early as 1137.{{citation needed|date=July 2013}} Its history is obscure until 1649, when a fortress was built there to protect the [[Grand Duchy of Moscow]] against the Swedes. The same year it was granted [[town privileges]].{{citation needed|date=July 2013}} Until the [[Great Northern War]], Olonets developed as a principal market for Russian trade with Sweden. To the south from the town, there sprawled a belt of fortified abbeys, of which the [[Alexander-Svirsky Monastery]] was the most important.

In the 18th century Olonets' importance shifted from trade to ironworking industries. In 1773 it was made the seat of [[Olonets Governorate]]. Eleven years later, however, the seat was moved to [[Petrozavodsk]] and Olonets started to decline.

Modern Olonets is classified as a historical town of the Republic of Karelia and is the only town in the republic where [[Karelians]] are in majority (over 60% {{As of|2005|lc=y}}).


==Administrative and municipal status==
==Administrative and municipal status==
Within the [[subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions|framework of administrative divisions]], Olonets serves as the [[administrative center]] of [[Olonetsky District]], to which it is directly subordinated.<ref name="Ref62">Law #871-RZK</ref> As a [[subdivisions of Russia#Municipal divisions|municipal division]], the [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|town]] of Olonets, together with eight rural localities, is incorporated within Olonetsky Municipal District as '''Olonetskoye Urban Settlement'''.<ref name="Ref736">Law #813-RZK</ref>
Within the [[subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions|framework of administrative divisions]], Olonets serves as the [[administrative center]] of [[Olonetsky District]], under which it is directly subordinated.<ref name="Ref62">Law #871-RZK</ref> As a [[subdivisions of Russia#Municipal divisions|municipal division]], the [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|town]] of Olonets, together with eight rural localities, is incorporated within Olonetsky Municipal District as '''Olonetskoye Urban Settlement'''.<ref name="Ref736">Law #813-RZK</ref>

== Education ==
Olonetskaya district station of young naturalists. It was opened on December 17, 1971.<ref name="library.karelia.ru">[http://library.karelia.ru/kalendar2021/html/tabl12.html Календарь знаменательных дат Карелии — декабрь 2021 года]</ref>

Music, sports and art schools of the city.

Center for Additional Education. It was opened in 1951 as the House of Creativity of children and youth, later – the House of Children's Creativity.<ref name="library.karelia.ru"/>

2 secondary schools, six buildings of local preschool institutions.

Olonets branch of Sortavala College (previously the branch was an independent educational institution under the names: PU-2 (in the period from 1962 to 2014), Olonets Technical School – from 2014 to February 2019 before reorganization).

== Attractions ==
The city has preserved the layout of the XVIII century.

* Mass graves of Soviet soldiers at the civil cemetery of Olonets, who died during the Great Patriotic War.<ref>[http://monuments.karelia.ru/ob-ekty-kul-turnogo-nasledija/kniga-velikaja-otechestvennaja-vojna-v-karelii-pamjatniki-i-pamjatnye-mesta/stat-i-ob-ob-ektah-voenno-istoricheskogo-nasledija/oloneckij-rajon/bratskaja-mogila-sovetskih-voinov/ Братская могила советских воинов на ул. Комсомольской]</ref><ref>[http://monuments.karelia.ru/ob-ekty-kul-turnogo-nasledija/kniga-velikaja-otechestvennaja-vojna-v-karelii-pamjatniki-i-pamjatnye-mesta/stat-i-ob-ob-ektah-voenno-istoricheskogo-nasledija/oloneckij-rajon/bratskaja-mogila-sovetskih-voinov-2/ Братская могила советских воинов на гражданском кладбище]</ref> 449 Soviet soldiers were buried in mass graves.<ref name=":0">Великая Отечественная война в Карелии: памятники и памятные места. — Петрозаводск, 2015. — 334 с.: ил.</ref>
* The mass grave of Soviet soldiers and civilians shot by the [[North Russia intervention|Belofin invaders]] during the occupation of Olonets in [[1919]].<ref>[http://monuments.karelia.ru/ob-ekty-kul-turnogo-nasledija/kniga-velikaja-otechestvennaja-vojna-v-karelii-pamjatniki-i-pamjatnye-mesta/stat-i-ob-ob-ektah-voenno-istoricheskogo-nasledija/oloneckij-rajon/bratskaja-mogila-sovetskih-voinov-i-mirnyh-grazhdan/ Братская могила советских воинов и мирных граждан (1919 год)]</ref>
* Monument to Soviet military pilots – participants of the Svir-Petrozavodsk operation (1944).<ref>[http://monuments.karelia.ru/ob-ekty-kul-turnogo-nasledija/kniga-velikaja-otechestvennaja-vojna-v-karelii-pamjatniki-i-pamjatnye-mesta/stat-i-ob-ob-ektah-voenno-istoricheskogo-nasledija/oloneckij-rajon/pamjatnik-voennym-ljotchikam-uchastnikam-svirsko-petrozavodskoj-operacii/ Памятник военным лётчикам — участникам Свирско-Петрозаводской операции]</ref> The monument (the wing of a combat aircraft) was installed in 1974 on Karl Marx Street.<ref name=":0" />
* Monument to the heroes of the Olonets underground.<ref>[http://monuments.karelia.ru/ob-ekty-kul-turnogo-nasledija/kniga-velikaja-otechestvennaja-vojna-v-karelii-pamjatniki-i-pamjatnye-mesta/stat-i-ob-ob-ektah-voenno-istoricheskogo-nasledija/oloneckij-rajon/pamjatnik-gerojam-oloneckogo-podpol-ja/ Памятник героям олонецкого подполья]</ref>
* The monument to the Soviet soldiers-liberators<ref>[http://monuments.karelia.ru/ob-ekty-kul-turnogo-nasledija/kniga-velikaja-otechestvennaja-vojna-v-karelii-pamjatniki-i-pamjatnye-mesta/stat-i-ob-ob-ektah-voenno-istoricheskogo-nasledija/oloneckij-rajon/pamjatnik-sovetskim-voinam-osvoboditeljam/ Памятник советским воинам-освободителям]</ref> was installed on the street of Svir Divisions in 1969 ([[76 mm divisional gun M1942 (ZiS-3)|76-mm divisional cannon]]).<ref name=":0" />
* Merchant Kuttuev's house.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Новая жизнь дома купца Куттуева » Объекты историко-культурного наследия Карелии |url=https://monuments.karelia.ru/napravlenija-dejatel-nosti/populjarizacija/stat-i-ob-ob-ektah-kul-turnogo-nasledija/oloneckij-rajon/novaja-zhizn-doma-kupca-kuttueva/ |website=monuments.karelia.ru |language=ru}}</ref>
* Church of the Smolensk Icon of the Mother of God (1828).
* The Church of the Holy Cross of the Church of Ingria (see the [[Evangelical Lutheran Church of Ingria|Church of Ingria]]).
* In the courtyard of one of the houses there are Soviet sculptures of a lion, a woman and a boy.

== City holidays and events ==

* Every year, since 1999, on the initiative of the then mayor of Olonets Vasily Anatolyevich Popov, the «Olonets Games of [[Ded Moroz]]» began to be held on the first day of winter.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Олонецкие Игры Дедов Морозов |url=http://olon-rayon.ru/node/880 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004200215/http://olon-rayon.ru/node/880 |archive-date=2015-10-04 |language=ru}}</ref>

== Demographics ==

=== Population ===
{{Historical populations|1856|1200|1897|1200|1913|2000|1939|2668|1959|5009|1970|7756|1979|10404|1989|11888|1992|12100|1996|11800|1998|11600|2002|10240|2003|10200|2005|9800|2006|9600|2007|9500|2009|9217|2010|9056|2011|9100|2012|8818|2013|8645|2014|8402|2015|8249|2016|8162|2017|8130|2018|8091|2019|8070|2020|8026|2021|7663|2023|7631|footnote=Source: Census data}}Population: {{Ru-census|p2021=7,663|p2010=9,056|p2002=10,240|p1989=11,888}}

==== Ethnicity ====
Olonets is the only city on the territory of [[Republic of Karelia|Karelia]] where [[Karelians]] make up the majority of the population, in addition, the [[Olonetsky District|Olonets district]] is a place of compact residence of Karelian Livviks and the most populated Karelian district of the Republic of Karelia.

Besides Karelians, Olonets is home to such traditional Karelian peoples as [[Finns]], [[Russians]], as well as [[Belarusians]], [[Ukrainians]], [[Polish people|Poles]] and [[Lithuanians]]. In relation to the Belarusian and Ukrainian population, this is primarily due to the post-war resettlement from the destroyed villages of [[Belarus]] and [[Ukraine]], Karelia was a place of exile for Poles and Lithuanians.

There is a small community of [[Chechens]] in Olonets and Olonets district, which is not typical for this region and the republic as a whole. According to the [[2002 Russian census|2002 census]], 53 representatives of this nationality live here. In this regard, a number of [[ethnic conflict]]s have arisen in the area.<ref>[http://www.vz.ru/columns/2010/12/12/454255.html ВЗГЛЯД / Дмитрий Соколов-Митрич: Манежное правосудие]</ref><ref>[http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=748752&print=true ИД"Коммерсантъ"]</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Ethnicity
!Population
!Percentage
|-
|Karelians
|5827
|58%
|-
|Russians
|3720
|37%
|-
|Belarusians
|211
|2%
|-
|Ukrainians
|157
|1.5%
|-
|Finns
|126
|1.3%
|}

== Telecommunications ==

=== Cellular communication ===
Cellular communication services according to the [[LTE (telecommunication)|LTE]] standard are provided by the operators «[[MTS (network provider)|MTS]]», «[[MegaFon]]», «[[Tele2 Russia|Tele2]]», «[[Beeline (brand)|Beeline]]», «[[Rostelecom]]», and «[[Yota]]».

=== Wired telephone connection ===
The wired telephone connection in the city is provided by «[[Rostelecom]]» PJSC and «Svirtelekom» LLC.

=== Internet connection ===
High-speed wired Internet connection is provided by the operators «Svirtelekom», «Rostelecom».

=== Television ===
Digital terrestrial (DVB-T2 standard), satellite, cable TV broadcasting is available in the city.


==Notable people==
== Notable people ==
* [[Walery Mroczkowski]] (1840–1889) was born in Olonets. He was an insurgent in the 1863 [[January Uprising|January uprising]]. After prison, he was exiled and became a noted [[Anarchism|anarchist]] in [[Mikhail Bakunin|Bakunin's]] close circle. Latterly, he worked as a photographer in France, using the pseudonym, "[[:Fr: Valerien Ostroga]]".
* [[Witold Pilecki]] (1901-1948), Polish soldier and a member of Armia Krajowa. Executed in 1948 by the Polish communist regime. Polish national hero. Was born in Olonets.
* [[Witold Pilecki]] (1901–1948) was born in Olonets. He was an army officer and a member of [[Armia Krajowa]] who got himself arrested to infiltrate the Nazi operation in [[Auschwitz concentration camp]]. He escaped from the camp and was one of the first direct witnesses of the [[Final Solution]] which he reported to his [[Polish Underground State|Underground superiors]]. He took part in the [[Warsaw uprising]]. After WWII he was tried and executed by the Polish communist regime in 1948. He was a decorated Polish National hero.<ref>{{cite book|author=Jack Fairweather|title=The Volunteer:The true Story of the Resistance Hero Who infiltrated Auschwitz|publisher=WH Allen|place=London|date= 2019}}</ref>


==International relations==
==International relations==
Line 100: Line 177:
===Twin towns and sister cities===
===Twin towns and sister cities===
Olonets is [[twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
Olonets is [[twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
*{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Hyrynsalmi]], [[Finland]]
*[[Hyrynsalmi]], Finland
*{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Mikkeli]], Finland
*[[Mikkeli]], Finland
*{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Puolanka]], Finland
*[[Puolanka]], Finland
*{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Ristijärvi]], Finland
*[[Ristijärvi]], Finland


==References==
==References==
Line 116: Line 193:


{{Republic of Karelia}}
{{Republic of Karelia}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2012}}


[[Category:Cities and towns in the Republic of Karelia]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in the Republic of Karelia]]
[[Category:Olonetsky District]]
[[Category:Olonetsky Uyezd]]
[[Category:Olonetsky Uyezd]]
[[Category:Populated places in Olonetsky District]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 12th century]]

Latest revision as of 12:33, 17 May 2024

For other uses, see Olonets (disambiguation).

Olonets
Олонец
Town[1]
Aerial view of Olonets
Aerial view of Olonets
Flag of Olonets
Flag
Coat of arms of Olonets
Coat of arms
Location of Olonets
Map
Olonets is located in Russia
Olonets
Olonets
Location of Olonets
Olonets is located in Karelia
Olonets
Olonets
Olonets (Karelia)
Coordinates: 60°59′N 32°55′E / 60.983°N 32.917°E / 60.983; 32.917
CountryRussia
Federal subjectRepublic of Karelia[1]
Administrative districtOlonetsky District[1]
First mentioned1137
Town status since1649
Elevation
20 m (70 ft)
Population
 (2010 Census)[2]
 • Total9,056
 • Capital ofOlonetsky District[1]
 • Municipal districtOlonetsky Municipal District[3]
 • Urban settlementOlonetskoye Urban Settlement[3]
 • Capital ofOlonetsky Municipal District,[4] Olonetskoye Urban Settlement[3]
Time zoneUTC+3 (MSK Edit this on Wikidata[5])
Postal code(s)[6]
186000Edit this on Wikidata
OKTMO ID86630101001

Olonets (Russian: Оло́нец; Karelian: Anus, Livvi: Anuksenlinnu; Finnish: Aunus, Aunuksenkaupunki or Aunuksenlinna) is a town and the administrative center of Olonetsky District of the Republic of Karelia, Russia, located on the Olonka River to the east of Lake Ladoga.

Geography[edit]

Olonets is located at the confluence of the Olonka and Megrega rivers, on the Olonets Plain, 140 km southwest of Petrozavodsk, 269 km northeast of St. Petersburg along the R 21 highway («Kola» highway).

History[edit]

Olonets is the oldest documented settlement in Karelia, mentioned by Novgorodian sources as early as 1137.[citation needed] Its history is obscure until 1649, when a fortress was built there to protect the Grand Duchy of Moscow against the Swedes. The same year it was granted town privileges.[citation needed] Until the Great Northern War, Olonets developed as a principal market for Russian trade with Sweden. To the south from the town, there sprawled a belt of fortified abbeys, of which the Alexander-Svirsky Monastery was the most important.

In the 18th century Olonets' importance shifted from trade to ironworking industries. In 1773 it was made the seat of Olonets Governorate. Eleven years later, however, the seat was moved to Petrozavodsk and Olonets started to decline.

Modern Olonets is classified as a historical town of the Republic of Karelia and is the only town in the republic where Karelians are in majority (over 60% as of 2005).

Administrative and municipal status[edit]

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Olonets serves as the administrative center of Olonetsky District, under which it is directly subordinated.[1] As a municipal division, the town of Olonets, together with eight rural localities, is incorporated within Olonetsky Municipal District as Olonetskoye Urban Settlement.[3]

Education[edit]

Olonetskaya district station of young naturalists. It was opened on December 17, 1971.[7]

Music, sports and art schools of the city.

Center for Additional Education. It was opened in 1951 as the House of Creativity of children and youth, later – the House of Children's Creativity.[7]

2 secondary schools, six buildings of local preschool institutions.

Olonets branch of Sortavala College (previously the branch was an independent educational institution under the names: PU-2 (in the period from 1962 to 2014), Olonets Technical School – from 2014 to February 2019 before reorganization).

Attractions[edit]

The city has preserved the layout of the XVIII century.

  • Mass graves of Soviet soldiers at the civil cemetery of Olonets, who died during the Great Patriotic War.[8][9] 449 Soviet soldiers were buried in mass graves.[10]
  • The mass grave of Soviet soldiers and civilians shot by the Belofin invaders during the occupation of Olonets in 1919.[11]
  • Monument to Soviet military pilots – participants of the Svir-Petrozavodsk operation (1944).[12] The monument (the wing of a combat aircraft) was installed in 1974 on Karl Marx Street.[10]
  • Monument to the heroes of the Olonets underground.[13]
  • The monument to the Soviet soldiers-liberators[14] was installed on the street of Svir Divisions in 1969 (76-mm divisional cannon).[10]
  • Merchant Kuttuev's house.[15]
  • Church of the Smolensk Icon of the Mother of God (1828).
  • The Church of the Holy Cross of the Church of Ingria (see the Church of Ingria).
  • In the courtyard of one of the houses there are Soviet sculptures of a lion, a woman and a boy.

City holidays and events[edit]

  • Every year, since 1999, on the initiative of the then mayor of Olonets Vasily Anatolyevich Popov, the «Olonets Games of Ded Moroz» began to be held on the first day of winter.[16]

Demographics[edit]

Population[edit]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
18561,200—    
18971,200+0.0%
19132,000+66.7%
19392,668+33.4%
19595,009+87.7%
19707,756+54.8%
197910,404+34.1%
198911,888+14.3%
199212,100+1.8%
199611,800−2.5%
199811,600−1.7%
200210,240−11.7%
200310,200−0.4%
20059,800−3.9%
20069,600−2.0%
20079,500−1.0%
20099,217−3.0%
20109,056−1.7%
20119,100+0.5%
20128,818−3.1%
20138,645−2.0%
20148,402−2.8%
20158,249−1.8%
20168,162−1.1%
20178,130−0.4%
20188,091−0.5%
20198,070−0.3%
20208,026−0.5%
20217,663−4.5%
20237,631−0.4%
Source: Census data

Population: 7,663 (2021 Census);[17] 9,056 (2010 Russian census);[2] 10,240 (2002 Census);[18] 11,888 (1989 Soviet census).[19]

Ethnicity[edit]

Olonets is the only city on the territory of Karelia where Karelians make up the majority of the population, in addition, the Olonets district is a place of compact residence of Karelian Livviks and the most populated Karelian district of the Republic of Karelia.

Besides Karelians, Olonets is home to such traditional Karelian peoples as Finns, Russians, as well as Belarusians, Ukrainians, Poles and Lithuanians. In relation to the Belarusian and Ukrainian population, this is primarily due to the post-war resettlement from the destroyed villages of Belarus and Ukraine, Karelia was a place of exile for Poles and Lithuanians.

There is a small community of Chechens in Olonets and Olonets district, which is not typical for this region and the republic as a whole. According to the 2002 census, 53 representatives of this nationality live here. In this regard, a number of ethnic conflicts have arisen in the area.[20][21]

Ethnicity Population Percentage
Karelians 5827 58%
Russians 3720 37%
Belarusians 211 2%
Ukrainians 157 1.5%
Finns 126 1.3%

Telecommunications[edit]

Cellular communication[edit]

Cellular communication services according to the LTE standard are provided by the operators «MTS», «MegaFon», «Tele2», «Beeline», «Rostelecom», and «Yota».

Wired telephone connection[edit]

The wired telephone connection in the city is provided by «Rostelecom» PJSC and «Svirtelekom» LLC.

Internet connection[edit]

High-speed wired Internet connection is provided by the operators «Svirtelekom», «Rostelecom».

Television[edit]

Digital terrestrial (DVB-T2 standard), satellite, cable TV broadcasting is available in the city.

Notable people[edit]

International relations[edit]

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia

Twin towns and sister cities[edit]

Olonets is twinned with:

References[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e Law #871-RZK
  2. ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  3. ^ a b c d Law #813-RZK
  4. ^ Law #825-ZRK
  5. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  6. ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
  7. ^ a b Календарь знаменательных дат Карелии — декабрь 2021 года
  8. ^ Братская могила советских воинов на ул. Комсомольской
  9. ^ Братская могила советских воинов на гражданском кладбище
  10. ^ a b c Великая Отечественная война в Карелии: памятники и памятные места. — Петрозаводск, 2015. — 334 с.: ил.
  11. ^ Братская могила советских воинов и мирных граждан (1919 год)
  12. ^ Памятник военным лётчикам — участникам Свирско-Петрозаводской операции
  13. ^ Памятник героям олонецкого подполья
  14. ^ Памятник советским воинам-освободителям
  15. ^ "Новая жизнь дома купца Куттуева » Объекты историко-культурного наследия Карелии". monuments.karelia.ru (in Russian).
  16. ^ "Олонецкие Игры Дедов Морозов" (in Russian). Archived from the original on October 4, 2015.
  17. ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1 [2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  18. ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  19. ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  20. ^ ВЗГЛЯД / Дмитрий Соколов-Митрич: Манежное правосудие
  21. ^ ИД"Коммерсантъ"
  22. ^ Jack Fairweather (2019). The Volunteer:The true Story of the Resistance Hero Who infiltrated Auschwitz. London: WH Allen.

Sources[edit]

  • Законодательное Собрание Республики Карелия. Закон №871-ЗРК от 29 апреля 2005 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Республики Карелия», в ред. Закона №1895-ЗРK от 2 июня 2015 г. «О внесении изменения статью 9 Закона Республики Карелия "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Республики Карелия"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: газета "Карелия", №48, 7 мая 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of the Republic of Karelia. Law #871-ZRK of April 29, 2005 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Republic of Karelia, as amended by the Law #1895-ZRK of June 2, 2015 On Amending Article 9 of the Law of the Republic of Karelia "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Republic of Karelia". Effective as of the official publication date.).
  • Законодательное Собрание Республики Карелия. Закон №813-ЗРК от 1 ноября 2004 г. «О городских, сельских поселениях в Республике Карелия», в ред. Закона №1694-ЗРK от 2 апреля 2013 г. «О преобразовании муниципальных образований "Нюхчинское сельское поселение" и "Сумпосадское сельское поселение" Беломорского муниципального района и внесении изменений в некоторые законодательные акты Республики Карелия». Вступил в силу по истечении десяти дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: газета "Карелия", №124, 126, 129, 132, 135, 136, 139, 4 ноября — 9 декабря 2004 г. (Legislative Assembly of the Republic of Karelia. Law #813-ZRK of November 1, 2004 On the Urban, Rural Settlements in the Republic of Karelia, as amended by the Law #1694-ZRK of April 2, 2013 On the Transformation of the Municipal Formations of "Nyukhchinskoye Rural Settlement" and "Sumposadskoye Rural Settlement" of Belomorsky Municipal District of the Republic of Karelia and on Amending Various Legislative Acts of the Republic of Karelia. Effective as of the day which is ten days after the day of the official publication.).
  • Законодательное Собрание Республики Карелия. Закон №825-ЗРК от 1 декабря 2004 г. «О муниципальных районах в Республике Карелия», в ред. Закона №1694-ЗРK от 2 апреля 2013 г. «О преобразовании муниципальных образований "Нюхчинское сельское поселение" и "Сумпосадское сельское поселение" Беломорского муниципального района и внесении изменений в некоторые законодательные акты Республики Карелия». Вступил в силу по истечении десяти дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: газета "Карелия", №141, 16 декабря 2004 г. (Legislative Assembly of the Republic of Karelia. Law #825-ZRK of December 1, 2004 On the Municipal Districts in the Republic of Karelia, as amended by the Law #1694-ZRK of April 2, 2013 On the Transformation of the Municipal Formations of "Nyukhchinskoye Rural Settlement" and "Sumposadskoye Rural Settlement" of Belomorsky Municipal District of the Republic of Karelia and on Amending Various Legislative Acts of the Republic of Karelia. Effective as of the day which is ten days after the day of the official publication.).
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