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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name = Central Plains Mandarin
|name = Central Plains Mandarin
|nativename = Zhongyuan Guanhua
|nativename = 中原官话<br/>Zhongyuan Guanhua
|region = [[Yellow River Plain]]
|region = [[Yellow River Plain]]
|speakers = {{sigfig|169.41|2}} million
|speakers = {{sigfig|169.41|2}} million
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|familycolor = Sino-Tibetan
|familycolor = Sino-Tibetan
|fam2 = [[Sinitic languages|Sinitic]]
|fam2 = [[Sinitic languages|Sinitic]]
|fam3 = [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]]
|fam3 = [[Chinese language|Chinese]]
|fam4 = [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]]
| script = [[Chinese characters]], [[Xiao'erjing]] (historical)
|map = Mandarín zhongyuan.png
|map = Mandarín zhongyuan.png
|mapcaption =
|mapcaption = {{imagefact|date=November 2022}}
|isoexception = dialect
|isoexception = dialect
|iso6 = zgyu
|iso6 = zgyu
Line 24: Line 26:


}}
}}
⚫
'''Central Plains Mandarin''', or '''''Zhongyuan'' Mandarin''' ({{zh |t = 中原官話 |s = 中原官话 |p = Zhōngyuán Guānhuà}}), is a variety of [[Mandarin Chinese]] spoken in the central and southern parts of [[Shaanxi]], [[Henan]], southwestern part of [[Shanxi]], southern part of [[Gansu]], far southern part of [[Hebei]], northern [[Anhui]], northern parts of [[Jiangsu]], southern [[Xinjiang]] and southern [[Shandong]].{{Sfnm |1a1 = Chappell |1y = 2002 |1p = 244 |2a1 = Gu |2y = 2009 |2p = 214 |3a1 = Chirkova |3y = 2008}}

⚫
'''Central Plains Mandarin''', or '''''Zhongyuan'' Mandarin''' ({{zh |t = 中原官話 |s = 中原官话 |p = zhōngyuán guānhuà}}), is a variety of [[Mandarin Chinese]] spoken in the central and southern parts of [[Shaanxi]], [[Henan]], southwestern part of [[Shanxi]], southern part of [[Gansu]], far southern part of [[Hebei]], northern [[Anhui]], northern parts of [[Jiangsu]], southern [[Xinjiang]] and southern [[Shandong]].{{Sfnm |1a1 = Chappell |1y = 2002 |1p = 244 |2a1 = Gu |2y = 2009 |2p = 214 |3a1 = Chirkova |3y = 2008}}


The archaic dialect in [[Peking opera]] is a form of Zhongyuan Mandarin.
The archaic dialect in [[Peking opera]] is a form of Zhongyuan Mandarin.
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== Subdialects ==
== Subdialects ==
[[File:Centralia.png|thumb|The distribution of core Central Plains Mandarin]]
* Zheng-Cao region: e.g. Kaifeng dialect, Zhengzhou dialect, Nanyang dialect
[[File:高耀潔：抗艾滋必須實事求是.webm|thumb|thumbtime=34|start=60|An example of a spoken discourse of Central Plains Mandarin by [[Gao Yaojie]], a [[HIV/AIDS in China|Chinese HIV doctor]] from [[Cao County]], Shandong.]]
⚫
* Luo-Xu region: e.g. [[Luoyang dialect]], [[Xuzhou dialect]]
[[File:一个矿工的中国梦2015 (中原官话-陕西旬阳话).webm|thumb|thumbtime=0|start=10|An example of a written discourse of Central Plains Mandarin by He Quangui, a [[gold mining in China|Chinese gold miner]] from [[Xunyang County]], Shaanxi. Note that in most [[varieties of Chinese]], the written discourse is largely the equivalent of reading a text of Standard Beijing Mandarin in a non-Beijing phonology.]]
⚫
* Xin-Beng (信蚌) region: e.g. [[Xinyang]] dialect, Bengbu dialect
[[File:WIKITONGUES- Ying speaking Henan Chinese.webm|thumb|start=160|An example of a written discourse of Central Plains Mandarin by a native of [[Tanghe County]], Henan.]]
⚫
*[[Fen River|Fenhe]] (汾河) region: e.g. Linfen dialect, Wanrong dialect

⚫
* Cai-Lu region: e.g. Zhumadian dialect, Jining dialect
* Qin-Long (秦陇) region: e.g. [[Xining]] dialect, Dunhuang dialect, [[Gangou dialect]] (influenced by [[Monguor language|Monguor]])
* Zheng-Kai (郑开) region: e.g. [[Kaifeng]] (开封) dialect, [[Zhengzhou]] (郑州) dialect
⚫
* Luo-Song (洛嵩) region: e.g. [[Luoyang dialect]] (洛阳话)
⚫
* [[Guanzhong dialect|Guanzhong region]] (关中话), e.g. Xi'an dialect
* Longzhong (陇中) region: e.g. [[Tianshui]] dialect
* Nan-Lu (南阳) region: e.g. [[Nanyang dialect|Nanyang]] (南阳) dialect
*[[Nanjiang County|Nanjiang]] (南疆) Region: e.g. Yanqi dialect, [[Turpan|Tulufan]] dialect
* Luo-Xiang (漯项) region: e.g. [[Zhumadian]] (驻马店) dialect
* Shang-Fu (商阜) region: e.g. [[Shangqiu]] (商丘) dialect, [[Fuyang]] (阜阳) dialect
⚫
* Xin-Beng (信蚌) region: e.g. [[Xinyang]] (信阳) dialect, [[Bengbu]] (蚌埠) dialect
* Yan-He (兖菏) region: e.g. [[Jining]] (济宁) dialect
* Xu-Huai (徐淮) region: e.g. [[Xuzhou dialect]] (徐州话)
⚫
*[[Fen River|Fenhe]] (汾河) region: e.g. [[Linfen]] (临汾) dialect, Wanrong (万荣) dialect
⚫
* [[Guanzhong dialect|Guanzhong region]] (关中), e.g. [[Xi'an]] (西安) dialect
⚫
* Qin-Long (秦陇) region: e.g. [[Xining]] (西宁) dialect, Dunhuang (敦煌) dialect
* Longzhong (陇中) region: e.g. [[Tianshui]] (天水) dialect, [[Dingxi]] (定西) dialect<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Wang|first1=Menghuan|last2=Ma|first2=Shuzhen|last3=Hu|first3=Axu|chapter=Experimental Study on Citation Tone of Dingxi Dialect in Gansu Province |date=2021|editor-last=Tavana|editor-first=Madjid|editor2-last=Nedjah|editor2-first=Nadia|editor3-last=Alhajj|editor3-first=Reda|title=Emerging Trends in Intelligent and Interactive Systems and Applications|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gtQPEAAAQBAJ&q=dingxi%2C+gansu&pg=PA340|series=Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing|volume=1304|language=en|location=Cham|publisher=Springer International Publishing|pages=340–345|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-63784-2_43|isbn=978-3-030-63784-2|s2cid=230557863 }}</ref>
* Hezhou (河州) Region: e.g. [[Gangou dialect]] (甘沟话) (influenced by [[Monguor language|Monguor]])
*[[Altishahr|Nanjiang]] (南疆) Region: e.g. Yanqi dialect, [[Turpan|Tulufan]] dialect
**[[Dungan language]], written in [[Cyrillic]], introduced many [[Russian language|Russian]] loanwords, spoken mainly in [[Chu River|Chu Valley]] and [[Fergana Valley]] in Central Asia
**[[Dungan language]], written in [[Cyrillic]], introduced many [[Russian language|Russian]] loanwords, spoken mainly in [[Chu River|Chu Valley]] and [[Fergana Valley]] in Central Asia


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
In Central Plains Mandarin, some phonological changes have affected certain syllables which have not affected standard Chinese.
In Central Plains Mandarin, some phonological changes have affected certain syllables but not Standard Chinese.


{{IPA|[p]}} and {{IPA|[pʰ]}} have shifted to {{IPA|[p͜f]}} before the vowel {{IPA|[u]}}.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Introduction To Chinese Dialectology|last=Mian Yan|first=Margaret|publisher=LINCOM EUROPA|year=2006|isbn=|location=Germany|pages=73-74}}</ref>
{{IPA|[p]}} and {{IPA|[pʰ]}} have shifted to {{IPA|[p͜f]}} before the vowel {{IPA|[u]}}.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Introduction To Chinese Dialectology|last=Mian Yan|first=Margaret|publisher=LINCOM EUROPA|year=2006|location=Germany|pages=73–74}}</ref>


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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! 跛
! 跛
! 坡
! 坡
! 樸
! 朴
|-
|-
! Middle Chinese Initial
! Middle Chinese Initial
| {{IPA|[p]}}
| {{IPA|[p]}}
| [p]
| {{IPA|[p]}}
| [pʰ]
| {{IPA|[pʰ]}}
| [pʰ]
| {{IPA|[pʰ]}}
|-
|-
! Pinyin
! Pinyin
Line 84: Line 95:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!
!
! 豬
! 猪
! 初
! 初
! 书
! 书
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== See also ==
== See also ==
*[[Zhongyuan culture]]
*[[Zhongyuan culture]]
*[[Central Plains War]]
*[[Central Plains (China)]], also called "Zhongyuan"
*[[Central Plains (China)]], also called "Zhongyuan"


== References ==
== References ==

=== Citations ===
=== Citations ===
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist}}


=== Sources ===
=== Sources ===
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|last = Chappell
|last = Chappell
|first = Hilary
|first = Hilary
|editor-last = Goddard
|author-link = Hilary Chappell
|editor-first = Cliff
|editor1-last = Goddard
|editor1-first = Cliff
|editor2-last = Wierzbicka
|editor2-last = Wierzbicka
|editor2-first = Anna
|editor2-first = Anna
|date = 2002
|year = 2002
|title = Meaning and Universal Grammar
|title = Meaning and Universal Grammar
|contribution = The Universal Syntax of Semantic Primes in Mandarin Chinese
|contribution = The Universal Syntax of Semantic Primes in Mandarin Chinese
Line 146: Line 156:
|oclc = 752499720
|oclc = 752499720
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=TM3_HBV7mcQC
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=TM3_HBV7mcQC
|accessdate = 17 November 2014
|access-date = 17 November 2014
}}
}}
* {{Citation
* {{Citation
|last = Gu
|last = Gu
|first = Yueguo
|first = Yueguo
|editor-last = Brown
|editor1-last = Brown
|editor-first = Keith
|editor1-first = Keith
|editor2-last = Ogilvie
|editor2-last = Ogilvie
|editor2-first = Sarah
|editor2-first = Sarah
|date = 2009
|year = 2009
|origyear = 2006
|orig-year = 2006
|title = Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World
|title = Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World
|contribution = Chinese
|contribution = Chinese
|edition = {{Ordinal|1|sup=yes}}
|edition = {{Ordinal|1|sup=yes}}
|publisher = Elsevier
|publisher = Elsevier
|publication-place = Oxford
|publication-place = Oxford, England
|isbn = 9780080877747
|isbn = 9780080877747
|oclc = 264358379
|oclc = 264358379
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=F2SRqDzB50wC
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=F2SRqDzB50wC
|accessdate = 17 November 2014
|access-date = 17 November 2014
}}
}}
* {{Citation
* {{Citation
|last = Chirkova
|last = Chirkova
|first = Ekaterina
|first = Ekaterina
|date = 2008
|year = 2008
|title = Gˇei ’give’ in Beijing and beyond
|title = Gˇei 'give' in Beijing and beyond
|journal = Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale
|journal = [[Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale]]
|issue = 37
|issue = 37
|publisher = Centre de recherches linguistiques sur l'Asie orientale
|publisher = [[Centre de recherches linguistiques sur l'Asie orientale]]
|publication-place = Paris
|publication-place = Paris
|pp = 3–42
|pages = 3–42
|issn = 0153-3320
|issn = 0153-3320
|oclc = 793454655
|oclc = 793454655
|url = https://hal.inria.fr/file/index/docid/336148/filename/2008_Gei_CLAO_HAL.pdf
|url = https://hal.inria.fr/file/index/docid/336148/filename/2008_Gei_CLAO_HAL.pdf
|accessdate = 20 November 2014
|access-date = 20 November 2014
|format = PDF
}}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


{{-}}
{{Sino-Tibetan languages}}
{{Chinese language}}
{{Chinese language}}


[[Category:Mandarin Chinese]]
[[Category:Mandarin Chinese]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]



{{St-lang-stub}}
{{St-lang-stub}}

Latest revision as of 04:39, 6 April 2024

Central Plains Mandarin
中原官话
Zhongyuan Guanhua
RegionYellow River Plain
Native speakers
(170 million cited 1982)[1]
Sino-Tibetan
Chinese characters, Xiao'erjing (historical)
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
ISO 639-6zgyu
cmn-zho
Glottologhuab1238  Central Plain Guanhua
zhon1236  Zhongyuan
Linguasphere79-AAA-bf

Central Plains Mandarin, or Zhongyuan Mandarin (simplified Chinese: 中原官话; traditional Chinese: 中原官話; pinyin: Zhōngyuán Guānhuà), is a variety of Mandarin Chinese spoken in the central and southern parts of Shaanxi, Henan, southwestern part of Shanxi, southern part of Gansu, far southern part of Hebei, northern Anhui, northern parts of Jiangsu, southern Xinjiang and southern Shandong.[2]

The archaic dialect in Peking opera is a form of Zhongyuan Mandarin.

Among Hui people, Zhongyuan Mandarin is sometimes written with the Arabic alphabet, called Xiao'erjing ("Children's script").

Subdialects[edit]

The distribution of core Central Plains Mandarin
An example of a spoken discourse of Central Plains Mandarin by Gao Yaojie, a Chinese HIV doctor from Cao County, Shandong.
An example of a written discourse of Central Plains Mandarin by He Quangui, a Chinese gold miner from Xunyang County, Shaanxi. Note that in most varieties of Chinese, the written discourse is largely the equivalent of reading a text of Standard Beijing Mandarin in a non-Beijing phonology.
An example of a written discourse of Central Plains Mandarin by a native of Tanghe County, Henan.

Phonology[edit]

In Central Plains Mandarin, some phonological changes have affected certain syllables but not Standard Chinese.

[p] and [pʰ] have shifted to [p͜f] before the vowel [u].[4]

布 跛 坡 朴
Middle Chinese Initial [p] [p] [pʰ] [pʰ]
Pinyin bù bǒ pō pǔ
Standard Mandarin [pû] [pwò] [pʰwó] [pʰù]
Central Plains Mandarin [p͜fu] [p͜fo] [p͜fʰo] [p͜fʰu]

Standard Mandarin's [t͡ʂ], [t͡ʂʰ] and have shifted to [p͜f] before [u]. [ʂ] has shifted to [f] before [u].

猪 初 书 熟
Middle Chinese Initial [ʈ] [t͡ʃʰ] [ɕ] [ʑ]
Pinyin zhū chū shū shú
Standard Mandarin [ʈʂú] [ʈʂʰú] [ʂú] [ʂǔ]
Central Plains Mandarin [p͜fu] [p͜fu] [fu] [fu]


See also[edit]

References[edit]

Citations[edit]

  1. ^ Gu 2009, p. 214.
  2. ^ Chappell 2002, p. 244; Gu 2009, p. 214; Chirkova 2008.
  3. ^ Wang, Menghuan; Ma, Shuzhen; Hu, Axu (2021). "Experimental Study on Citation Tone of Dingxi Dialect in Gansu Province". In Tavana, Madjid; Nedjah, Nadia; Alhajj, Reda (eds.). Emerging Trends in Intelligent and Interactive Systems and Applications. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Vol. 1304. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 340–345. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-63784-2_43. ISBN 978-3-030-63784-2. S2CID 230557863.
  4. ^ Mian Yan, Margaret (2006). Introduction To Chinese Dialectology. Germany: LINCOM EUROPA. pp. 73–74.

Sources[edit]

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