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{{Infobox political party
{{More citations needed|date=May 2021}}{{Infobox political party
|name =Communist Party of Spain (Reconstituted)
| name = Communist Party of Spain (Reconstituted)
|native_name = Partido Comunista de España (Reconstituido)
| native_name = Partido Comunista de España (Reconstituido)
|lang1 = Spanish
| lang1 = Spanish
|name_lang1 =
| name_lang1 =
|lang2 =
| lang2 =
|name_lang2 =
| name_lang2 =
|lang3 =
| lang3 =
|name_lang3 =
| name_lang3 =
|lang4 =
| colorcode = #FF0000
|name_lang4 =
| leader =
|colorcode = #FF0000
| chairman =
|leader =
| logo = Logo of the PCE(r).png
|chairman =
| logo_size = 85px
|logo = [[Image:Pcer.PNG|50px]]
| president =
| secretary_general =
|president =
|secretary_general =
| spokesperson =
| leader1_title =
⚫
|spokesperson =
|leader1_title =
| leader1_name =
| leader2_title =
|leader1_name =
|leader2_title =
| leader2_name =
| leader3_title =
|leader2_name =
|leader3_title =
| leader3_name =
|leader3_name =
| slogan =
|slogan =
| founder = Manuel Pérez Martínez 'Arenas'
⚫
| founded = {{Start date|1975}}
|founder =[[Manuel Pérez Martínez 'Arenas'|Manuel Pérez Martínez]]
| predecessor = [[Organisation of Marxist–Leninists of Spain]]
⚫
|founded = {{Start date|1975}}
|dissolved =
| dissolved =
|merger =
| banned = 2000s
|split =
| merger =
|merged =
| split =
|headquarters = [[France]] and [[Spain]]
| merged =
| headquarters = [[France]] and [[Spain]]
|newspaper =''Antorcha''
|student_wing =
| newspaper = ''Antorcha''
|youth_wing =
| student_wing =
|wing1_title =
| youth_wing =
|wing1 =
| wing1_title = Armed wing
| wing1 = [[First of October Anti-Fascist Resistance Groups]]
|wing2_title =
|wing2 =
| wing2_title =
|wing3_title =
| wing2 =
|wing3 =
| wing3_title =
|membership_year =
| wing3 =
| membership_year =
|membership =
⚫
| membership =
|ideology = [[Marxism-Leninism]]<br />[[Maoism]] (historic)
| ideology = [[Marxism-Leninism]]<br />[[Republicanism in Spain|Republicanism]]<br />[[Maoism]] (historic)
|position =
|national =
| position =
|international =
| national =
| international =
|colors = Red, Yellow and Murrey ([[Flag of the Second Spanish Republic|Spanish Republican colors]])
| colors = Red, Yellow and Murrey ([[Flag of the Second Spanish Republic|Spanish Republican colors]])
|affiliation1_title =
| affiliation1_title =
|affiliation1 =
|blank1 =
| affiliation1 =
|blank2_title =
| blank1 =
|blank2 =
| blank2_title =
|blank3_title =
| blank2 =
|blank3 =
| website =
|website =
| country = Spain
|country =
| country2 =
|country2 =
| state =
|state = Spain
| flag = [[File:Bandera del GRAPO.svg|150px]]
|flag = [[File:Bandera del GRAPO.svg|150px]]
}}
}}
The '''Partido Comunista de España (Reconstituido), PCE(r)''' is a [[Spain|Spanish]] clandestine [[communist]] party that broke out from the [[Communist Party of Spain]] (PCE).
The '''Partido Comunista de España (Reconstituido)''' ({{lang-en|"Communist Party of Spain (Reconstituted)"}}, ''PCE(r)'') is a Spanish clandestine [[Communism|communist]] party that broke away from the [[Communist Party of Spain]] (PCE). The general secretary of the PCE(r) is [[Manuel Pérez Martínez 'Arenas'|Manuel Pérez Martínez]] ('Comrade Arenas'), currently in jail.

⚫
It was formed in 1975, by remaining elements of the [[Organization of Spanish Marxist-Leninists]] (OMLE) which was dissolved that year. OMLE, which was functioning from exile, had been formed through a split in the Communist Party of Spain in the 1968.
In 1976 PCE(r) set up the [[Antifascist Resistance Groups October First]] (GRAPO), as its armed resistance front.
The general secretary of the PCE(r) is [[Manuel Pérez Martínez 'Arenas'|Manuel Pérez Martínez]] ('Comrade Arenas').


==History==
==History==
⚫
It was formed in 1975, by the remnants of the [[Organization of Spanish Marxist-Leninists]] (OMLE) which was dissolved that year. OMLE, which was operating from exile, had been formed through a 1968 split in the [[Communist Party of Spain]] (PCE).
⚫
Following the famous revolts in [[Paris]] in 1968, certain groups of leftist [[Spain|Spanish]] exiles were disappointed with the staunchly pro-[[USSR|Soviet]] and “frozen” stance of the Spanish Communist Party, the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) and its leader [[Santiago Carrillo]]. This led in September of the same year to the foundation of the “'''Organización de Marxistas Leninistas Españoles'''” ('''OMLE''') (Organization of Spanish Marxist-Leninists) in [[Brussels]].


⚫
Following the famous [[May 1968 events in France|revolts]] in [[Paris]] in 1968, certain groups of leftist [[Spain|Spanish]] exiles were disappointed with the staunchly pro-[[USSR|Soviet]] and “frozen” stance of the Spanish Communist Party, the [[Communist Party of Spain|PCE]] and its leader [[Santiago Carrillo]]. This led in September of the same year to the foundation of the '''Organización de Marxistas Leninistas Españoles''' ('''OMLE''') (Organization of Spanish Marxist-Leninists) in [[Brussels]]. In 1974 [[Organización Obreira]], a Galician organization, joined the OMLE.
⚫
During the following years, this splinter-group of Spanish Communists was inspired by [[ETA]]’s rise and by the military coup in Portugal that led to the [[Carnation Revolution]]. Thus it accumulated a number of sympathizers and well-wishers, especially among left-wing circles in the Spanish youth. [[Francisco Franco|Franco]]’s illness was also interpreted as an omen for a wide-open future and a promise of success for the PCE(r)'s ambitions and goals.


⚫
During the following years, this splinter group of Spanish Communists was inspired by [[ETA (separatist group)|ETA]]’s rise and by the military coup in Portugal that led to the [[Carnation Revolution]]. Thus it accumulated a number of sympathizers and well-wishers, especially among left-wing circles in the Spanish youth. [[Francisco Franco|Franco]]’s illness was also interpreted as an omen for a wide-open future and a promise of success for the PCE(r)'s ambitions and goals.
The OMLE renamed itself “'''Partido Comunista de España Reconstituido'''” in June 1975. Its first violent action was the murder of four Spanish armed policemen on 1 October 1975, in the wake of the execution by firing squad of some ETA and [[Revolutionary Antifascist Patriotic Front|FRAP]] militants.<ref>Junta de Castilla y Leon. ''El FRAP y el GRAPO en España''</ref>

Two months after Franco’s death, in January 1976, during the [[Spanish transition to democracy|Spanish political transition from dictatorship to democracy]], the PCE(r) began a revolutionary struggle against the political reforms of the newly established monarchy of King [[Juan Carlos I]]. In order to carry about its struggle, the PCE(r) restructured itself into different commissions; one of these was the “Technical Commission” which planned a wide armed struggle as a “front against fascism”. This “Technical Commission” eventually became the [[GRAPO]], named after the October 1st 1975 date which was seen as the beginning of the PCE(r)’s armed struggle.<ref>[http://www.noticiasdelarebelion.info/articulo.php?p=4599&more=1&c=1 Programa de lucha del Partido Comunista de España -reconstituído]</ref>
The OMLE renamed itself “'''Partido Comunista de España Reconstituido'''” in June 1975. Two months after Franco’s death, in January 1976, during the [[Spanish transition to democracy|Spanish political transition from dictatorship to democracy]], the PCE(r) began a "revolutionary struggle" against the political reforms of the newly established monarchy of King [[Juan Carlos I]]. In order to carry about its struggle, the PCE(r) restructured itself into different commissions. The party also established various "sectorial organizations", including a student union (Organización Democrática de Estudiantes Antifascistas), a prisoner-support group (Asociación de Familiares y amigos de Presos) and an "antirrepresie" organization (Socorro Rojo).<ref>[http://www.politica21.org/grapo.htm El PCE(r).] Política21</ref>


Despite its initial successes, the '''PCE(r)''' became increasingly a marginal group after certain key-measures were adopted by the transitional Spanish government. Foremost of these were the 1977 amnesty for [[political prisoner]]s, the democratic normalization, and the growing success of the newly introduced measures adopted by the Spanish police and the Spanish courts to combat terrorism.
Despite its initial successes, the '''PCE(r)''' became increasingly a marginal group after certain key-measures were adopted by the transitional Spanish government. Foremost of these were the 1977 amnesty for [[political prisoner]]s, the democratic normalization, and the growing success of the newly introduced measures adopted by the Spanish police and the Spanish courts to combat terrorism.


After the issuing of a new law concerning political parties in 2002, the Spanish authorities severely curtailed the activities of the '''PCE(r)''' in 2003. Currently the party is outlawed.
After the issuing of a new law concerning political parties in 2002, the Spanish authorities severely curtailed the activities of the '''PCE(r)''' in 2003. Currently the party is outlawed, although still exists as a clandestine organization.

Historically, the strongholds of the party have been [[Vigo]], [[Cádiz]], [[A Coruña]] and [[Vallecas|El Pozo del Tio Raimundo]].

==Ideology==
Originally the party was [[Maoism|Maoist]], advocating a [[people's war]] in [[Spain]]. Since the late 1990s the party abandoned [[Maoism]] in favour of more classic [[Marxist-Leninist]] positions.


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
<references/>


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.presos.org.es/ PRES.O.S. - organization for support prisoners of the PCE(r) - GRAPO]
*[http://web.archive.org/web/20070927213504/http://www.antorcha.org/ PCE(r) Official Website archive.org mirror]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927213504/http://www.antorcha.org/ PCE(r) Official Website archive.org mirror]
*[http://www.20minutos.es/noticia/129366/0/grapo/mata/banda/ About the continued existence of GRAPO]

[[Category:Irregular military]]
{{Authority control}}
⚫
[[Category:Politics of Spain]]

⚫
[[Category:Communist parties in Spain]]
⚫
[[Category:1975 establishments in Spain]]
[[Category:Banned communist parties]]
[[Category:Banned communist parties]]
⚫
[[Category:Republicanism in Spain]]
[[Category:Banned political parties in Spain]]
[[Category:Banned political parties in Spain]]
⚫
[[Category:Communist parties in Spain]]
[[Category:Left-wing militant groups in Spain]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1975]]
⚫
[[Category:Republican parties in Spain]]
[[Category:Maoist organizations in Spain]]

Latest revision as of 18:11, 27 December 2023

Communist Party of Spain (Reconstituted)
Partido Comunista de España (Reconstituido)
FounderManuel Pérez Martínez 'Arenas'
Founded1975 (1975)
Banned2000s
Preceded byOrganisation of Marxist–Leninists of Spain
HeadquartersFrance and Spain
NewspaperAntorcha
Armed wingFirst of October Anti-Fascist Resistance Groups
IdeologyMarxism-Leninism
Republicanism
Maoism (historic)
ColorsRed, Yellow and Murrey (Spanish Republican colors)
Party flag

The Partido Comunista de España (Reconstituido) (English: "Communist Party of Spain (Reconstituted)", PCE(r)) is a Spanish clandestine communist party that broke away from the Communist Party of Spain (PCE). The general secretary of the PCE(r) is Manuel Pérez Martínez ('Comrade Arenas'), currently in jail.

History[edit]

It was formed in 1975, by the remnants of the Organization of Spanish Marxist-Leninists (OMLE) which was dissolved that year. OMLE, which was operating from exile, had been formed through a 1968 split in the Communist Party of Spain (PCE).

Following the famous revolts in Paris in 1968, certain groups of leftist Spanish exiles were disappointed with the staunchly pro-Soviet and “frozen” stance of the Spanish Communist Party, the PCE and its leader Santiago Carrillo. This led in September of the same year to the foundation of the Organización de Marxistas Leninistas Españoles (OMLE) (Organization of Spanish Marxist-Leninists) in Brussels. In 1974 Organización Obreira, a Galician organization, joined the OMLE.

During the following years, this splinter group of Spanish Communists was inspired by ETA’s rise and by the military coup in Portugal that led to the Carnation Revolution. Thus it accumulated a number of sympathizers and well-wishers, especially among left-wing circles in the Spanish youth. Franco’s illness was also interpreted as an omen for a wide-open future and a promise of success for the PCE(r)'s ambitions and goals.

The OMLE renamed itself “Partido Comunista de España Reconstituido” in June 1975. Two months after Franco’s death, in January 1976, during the Spanish political transition from dictatorship to democracy, the PCE(r) began a "revolutionary struggle" against the political reforms of the newly established monarchy of King Juan Carlos I. In order to carry about its struggle, the PCE(r) restructured itself into different commissions. The party also established various "sectorial organizations", including a student union (Organización Democrática de Estudiantes Antifascistas), a prisoner-support group (Asociación de Familiares y amigos de Presos) and an "antirrepresie" organization (Socorro Rojo).[1]

Despite its initial successes, the PCE(r) became increasingly a marginal group after certain key-measures were adopted by the transitional Spanish government. Foremost of these were the 1977 amnesty for political prisoners, the democratic normalization, and the growing success of the newly introduced measures adopted by the Spanish police and the Spanish courts to combat terrorism.

After the issuing of a new law concerning political parties in 2002, the Spanish authorities severely curtailed the activities of the PCE(r) in 2003. Currently the party is outlawed, although still exists as a clandestine organization.

Historically, the strongholds of the party have been Vigo, Cádiz, A Coruña and El Pozo del Tio Raimundo.

Ideology[edit]

Originally the party was Maoist, advocating a people's war in Spain. Since the late 1990s the party abandoned Maoism in favour of more classic Marxist-Leninist positions.

References[edit]

  1. ^ El PCE(r). Política21

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.chped.com/w/index.php?title=Communist_Party_of_Spain_(Reconstituted)&oldid=1192118907"