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{{Short description|Historic mining town in north Taiwan}} |
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[[Image:Taiwan 2009 JinGuaShi Historic Gold Mine Abandoned Facilities FRD 7545.jpg|thumb|right|Abandoned mining facilities]] |
[[Image:Taiwan 2009 JinGuaShi Historic Gold Mine Abandoned Facilities FRD 7545.jpg|thumb|right|Abandoned mining facilities]] |
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| ⚫ | '''Jinguashi''' ('''Chinkuashih'''; {{zh|c=金瓜石|p=Jīnguāshí|poj=Kim-koe-chio̍h|w=Chin<sup>1</sup>-kua<sup>1</sup>-shih<sup>2</sup>}}) is a town in [[Ruifang District]], [[New Taipei City]], [[Taiwan]], notable for its historic [[gold]] and [[copper]] mines. It was also known as '''Kinkaseki''' in [[Japanese language|Japanese]] and was under [[Taihoku Prefecture]] during [[Taiwan under Japanese rule|Japanese rule]]. |
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From 1942 to 1945, the town was the location of the Kinkaseki [[Prisoner-of-war camp|Prisoner of War (POW) Camp]] (Chinese: 金瓜石戰俘營; Japanese: 金瓜石／きんかせき捕虜監視所). Of the 430 Allied POW deaths across all fourteen Japanese POW camps on Taiwan, the majority occurred at Kinkaseki.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Prentice |first1=David |title=The Forgotten POWs of the Pacific: The Story of Taiwan's Camps |url=http://thinking-taiwan.com/thinking-taiwan.com/forgotten-pows-of-the-pacific-taiwan/index.html |access-date=21 December 2020 |work=Thinking Taiwan |date=30 October 2015}}</ref> |
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== Under Japanese rule == |
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Kinkaseki was an important mining town for the Japanese Empire during [[Taiwan under Japanese rule|Japan's rule over Taiwan]]. United States Navy analysis during World War II found that the Kinkaseki gold mines were among Imperial Japan's largest sources of gold, based on figures from 1937.<ref>{{Cite book|last=United States Office of the Chief of Naval Operations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=flHxREMluogC|title=Civil Affairs Handbook: Taiwan (Formosa) - Taihoku Province|publisher=U.S. Department of the Navy|year=1944|location=Washington, D.C.|page=173}}</ref> The mines also produced substantial amounts of copper—7,350 tons in 1936, more than anywhere else in Taiwan—and some silver.{{sfn|United States Office of the Chief of Naval Operations|1944|p=46}} The mines were operated by Taiwan Kōgyō [[Kabushiki gaisha|K.K.]] (Taiwan Mining Company, 台湾鉱業株式会社) and covered approximately 5.5 million ''tsubo'' (18.18 km<sup>2</sup>).{{sfn|United States Office of the Chief of Naval Operations|1944|p=44}} Forced laborers also cleared agricultural land and improved water work; [[beriberi]] was rampant among the prisoners.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sui |first1=Cindy |title=WW2: Unearthing Taiwan's forgotten prisoner of war camps |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-57465359 |website=www.bbc.com |publisher=BBC |access-date=15 June 2021}}</ref> |
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The Kinkaseki prisoner of war camp (Kinkaseki #1) was opened on November 14, 1942. The initial POWs arrived from Singapore after its [[Battle of Singapore|capture by Japan]]. Over 1,100 Allied (mostly British) POWs were held in the camp and forced to work in the mines. The camp mines were closed in March 1945, as transport of copper to the Japanese home islands become impossible due to Allied naval power. The POWs were relocated to Kukutsu POW Camp in Hsintien ([[Xindian District]]) by late June 1945.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hurst |first=Michael |title=KINKASEKI CAMP #1 |url=http://www.powtaiwan.org/The%20Camps/camps_detail.php?Kinkaseki-Camp-1-1&name=Kinkaseki |access-date=2021-01-07 |website=Taiwan POW Camps Memorial Society}}</ref> |
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== Post-war == |
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[[Image:盟軍戰俘紀念公園FUJI6302.JPG|thumb|Memorial to Allied POWs]] |
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Following the Allied defeat of Imperial Japan, charges were brought against nine employees of Nippon Mining Company (the parent company of Taiwan Kōgyō) for cruelty and mistreatment of POWs at Kinkaseki. On May 28, 1947, eight of the nine were found guilty by the British War Crime Court Number Five in Hong Kong.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ramasatry|first=Anita|date=April 2002|title=Corporate Complicity: From Nuremberg to Rangoon - An Examination of Forced Labor Cases and Their Impact on the Liability of Multinational Corporations|url=https://lawcat.berkeley.edu/record/1118119|journal=Berkeley Journal of International Law|volume=20|issue=1|page=113}}</ref> The court held the company, not the Japanese Army, responsible for mistreatment of POWs.{{sfn|Ramasatry|2002|p=114}} |
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A memorial park at the site of the POW camp was opened in 1997.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2010-11-16 |title=POWs remembered at Kinkaseki event|work=Taipei Times |url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2010/11/16/2003488660 |access-date=2020-12-28}}</ref> |
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<gallery> |
<gallery> |
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Image:Taiwan 2009 JinGuaShi Historic Gold Mine Outdoor Cafe FRD 7494.jpg|Outdoor cafe by museum entrance |
Image:Taiwan 2009 JinGuaShi Historic Gold Mine Outdoor Cafe FRD 7494.jpg|Outdoor cafe by museum entrance |
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Image:Taiwan 2009 JinGuaShi Historic Gold Mine Abadoned Railway Tracks FRD 8753.jpg|Abandoned railway tracks |
Image:Taiwan 2009 JinGuaShi Historic Gold Mine Abadoned Railway Tracks FRD 8753.jpg|Abandoned railway tracks |
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Image:Taiwan 2009 JinGuaShi Historic Gold Mine Moss Covered Retaining Wall FRD 8940.jpg| |
Image:Taiwan 2009 JinGuaShi Historic Gold Mine Moss Covered Retaining Wall FRD 8940.jpg|Moss covering a retaining wall at the mine, a result of high humidity |
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Image:Taiwan 2009 JinGuaShi Historic Gold Mine Valley View Left Page FRD 8822 Giant Statue of GuanYu.jpg|Giant statue |
Image:Taiwan 2009 JinGuaShi Historic Gold Mine Valley View Left Page FRD 8822 Giant Statue of GuanYu.jpg|Giant statue |
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Image:Taiwan 2009 JinGuaShi Historic Gold Mine Valley View Right Page FRD 8840.jpg|Valley |
Image:Taiwan 2009 JinGuaShi Historic Gold Mine Valley View Right Page FRD 8840.jpg|Valley |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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== |
==See also== |
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* [[Jinguashi Mine]] |
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* [[Gold Museum (Taiwan)]] |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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* {{wikivoyage-inline|Jinguashi}} |
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{{Taiwan-geo-stub}} |
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[[Category:Tourist attractions in New Taipei]] |
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[[ko:진과스]] |
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[[Category:Geography of New Taipei]] |
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[[zh:金瓜石]] |
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[[Category:Former gold mines]] |
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Latest revision as of 05:37, 2 April 2023
Jinguashi (Chinkuashih; Chinese: 金瓜石; pinyin: Jīnguāshí; Wade–Giles: Chin1-kua1-shih2; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kim-koe-chio̍h) is a town in Ruifang District, New Taipei City, Taiwan, notable for its historic gold and copper mines. It was also known as Kinkaseki in Japanese and was under Taihoku Prefecture during Japanese rule.
From 1942 to 1945, the town was the location of the Kinkaseki Prisoner of War (POW) Camp (Chinese: 金瓜石戰俘營; Japanese: 金瓜石／きんかせき捕虜監視所). Of the 430 Allied POW deaths across all fourteen Japanese POW camps on Taiwan, the majority occurred at Kinkaseki.[1]
Under Japanese rule[edit]
Kinkaseki was an important mining town for the Japanese Empire during Japan's rule over Taiwan. United States Navy analysis during World War II found that the Kinkaseki gold mines were among Imperial Japan's largest sources of gold, based on figures from 1937.[2] The mines also produced substantial amounts of copper—7,350 tons in 1936, more than anywhere else in Taiwan—and some silver.[3] The mines were operated by Taiwan Kōgyō K.K. (Taiwan Mining Company, 台湾鉱業株式会社) and covered approximately 5.5 million tsubo (18.18 km2).[4] Forced laborers also cleared agricultural land and improved water work; beriberi was rampant among the prisoners.[5]
The Kinkaseki prisoner of war camp (Kinkaseki #1) was opened on November 14, 1942. The initial POWs arrived from Singapore after its capture by Japan. Over 1,100 Allied (mostly British) POWs were held in the camp and forced to work in the mines. The camp mines were closed in March 1945, as transport of copper to the Japanese home islands become impossible due to Allied naval power. The POWs were relocated to Kukutsu POW Camp in Hsintien (Xindian District) by late June 1945.[6]
Post-war[edit]
Following the Allied defeat of Imperial Japan, charges were brought against nine employees of Nippon Mining Company (the parent company of Taiwan Kōgyō) for cruelty and mistreatment of POWs at Kinkaseki. On May 28, 1947, eight of the nine were found guilty by the British War Crime Court Number Five in Hong Kong.[7] The court held the company, not the Japanese Army, responsible for mistreatment of POWs.[8]
A memorial park at the site of the POW camp was opened in 1997.[9]
Although the minerals have since been depleted, the town still attracts many visitors to its Gold Ecological Park, which opened in October 2004. Jinguashi was named a potential World Heritage Site in 2002.
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Historic gold mine museum -
Outdoor cafe by museum entrance -
Abandoned railway tracks -
Moss covering a retaining wall at the mine, a result of high humidity -
Giant statue -
Valley
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Prentice, David (30 October 2015). "The Forgotten POWs of the Pacific: The Story of Taiwan's Camps". Thinking Taiwan. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
- ^ United States Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (1944). Civil Affairs Handbook: Taiwan (Formosa) - Taihoku Province. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Navy. p. 173.
- ^ Sui, Cindy. "WW2: Unearthing Taiwan's forgotten prisoner of war camps". www.bbc.com. BBC. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
- ^ Hurst, Michael. "KINKASEKI CAMP #1". Taiwan POW Camps Memorial Society. Retrieved 2021-01-07.
- ^ Ramasatry, Anita (April 2002). "Corporate Complicity: From Nuremberg to Rangoon - An Examination of Forced Labor Cases and Their Impact on the Liability of Multinational Corporations". Berkeley Journal of International Law. 20 (1): 113.
- ^ Ramasatry 2002, p. 114.
- ^ "POWs remembered at Kinkaseki event". Taipei Times. 2010-11-16. Retrieved 2020-12-28.
External links[edit]
Jinguashi travel guide from Wikivoyage- Jinguashi's Gold Ecological Park (in English)
